{"id":15020,"date":"2026-05-27T20:41:55","date_gmt":"2026-05-27T20:41:55","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/usvietnamcenter.uoregon.edu\/?p=15020"},"modified":"2026-05-30T00:17:27","modified_gmt":"2026-05-30T00:17:27","slug":"viet-nam-nuoc-chia-doi-dang","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/usvietnamcenter.uoregon.edu\/viet-nam-nuoc-chia-doi-dang\/","title":{"rendered":"Vi\u1ec7t Nam N\u01b0\u1edbc Chia Hai \u0110\u00e0ng"},"content":{"rendered":"\t\t
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L\u1edcI GI\u1edaI THI\u1ec6U<\/strong>\u00a0<\/p>\n\n

Trung\u00a0T\u00e2m\u00a0Nghi\u00ean C\u1ee9u Vi\u1ec7t-M\u1ef9 h\u00e2n h\u1ea1nh gi\u1edbi thi\u1ec7u v\u1edbi \u0111\u1ed9c gi\u1ea3 Vi\u1ec7t Nam m\u1ed9t c\u00f4ng tr\u00ecnh nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u quan tr\u1ecdng\u00a0g\u1ea7n \u0111\u00e2y\u00a0c\u1ee7a Gi\u00e1o s\u01b0\u00a0Olga\u00a0Dror\u00a0v\u1ec1 chi\u1ebfn tranh Vi\u1ec7t Nam, qua b\u1ea3n d\u1ecbch c\u00f4ng phu v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ea7y t\u00e2m huy\u1ebft c\u1ee7a d\u1ecbch gi\u1ea3 L\u00ea T\u00f9ng Ch\u00e2u t\u1eeb nguy\u00ean t\u00e1c ti\u1ebfng Anh, \u201cMaking Two Vietnams: War and Youth Identities, 1965-1975<\/em>\u201d\u00a0(Cambridge, UK: Cambridge University Press, 2018).\u00a0Ch\u00fang t\u00f4i ch\u00e2n th\u00e0nh c\u1ea3m t\u1ea1 Nh\u00e0 Xu\u1ea5t B\u1ea3n \u0110\u1ea1i H\u1ecdc\u00a0Cambridge\u00a0v\u00e0 Gi\u00e1o s\u01b0\u00a0Olga\u00a0Dror\u00a0\u0111\u00e3 cho ph\u00e9p ch\u00fang t\u00f4i \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c xu\u1ea5t b\u1ea3n\u00a0b\u1ea3n\u00a0ti\u1ebfng Vi\u1ec7t c\u1ee7a s\u00e1ch.\u00a0\u00a0<\/p>\n\n

\u0110\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u00e0o t\u1ea1o \u1edf Li\u00ean X\u00f4, Do Th\u00e1i v\u00e0 Hoa K\u1ef3, Olga Dror hi\u1ec7n l\u00e0 Gi\u00e1o s\u01b0 S\u1eed h\u1ecdc t\u1ea1i \u0110\u1ea1i h\u1ecdc Texas A&M \u1edf College Station, TX. B\u00e0 l\u00e0 t\u00e1c gi\u1ea3, d\u1ecbch gi\u1ea3 v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ed3ng bi\u00ean t\u1eadp n\u0103m cu\u1ed1n s\u00e1ch v\u00e0 nhi\u1ec1u b\u00e0i b\u00e1o. Nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u c\u1ee7a b\u00e0 c\u00f3 nhi\u1ec1u m\u1ea3ng: t\u1eeb c\u00e1c t\u00f4n gi\u00e1o h\u1eefu th\u1ea7n \u1edf Vi\u1ec7t Nam v\u00e0 Trung Qu\u1ed1c v\u00e0 c\u00e1c nh\u00e0 truy\u1ec1n gi\u00e1o ch\u00e2u \u00c2u \u1edf ch\u00e2u \u00c1 trong th\u1eddi k\u1ef3 \u0111\u1ea7u hi\u1ec7n \u0111\u1ea1i, \u0111\u1ebfn tr\u1ea3i nghi\u1ec7m d\u00e2n s\u1ef1 trong cu\u1ed9c t\u1ea5n c\u00f4ng c\u1ee7a qu\u00e2n \u0111\u1ed9i c\u1ed9ng s\u1ea3n v\u00e0o Hu\u1ebf trong T\u1ebft M\u1eadu Th\u00e2n, \u0111\u1ebfn gi\u1edbi tr\u1ebb mi\u1ec1n B\u1eafc v\u00e0 mi\u1ec1n Nam Vi\u1ec7t Nam trong n\u1ed9i chi\u1ebfn, \u0111\u1ebfn hi\u1ec7n t\u01b0\u1ee3ng s\u00f9ng b\u00e1i H\u1ed3 Ch\u00ed Minh nh\u01b0 th\u1ea7n th\u00e1nh \u1edf Vi\u1ec7t Nam. B\u00e0 \u0111\u00e3 vi\u1ebft nhi\u1ec1u b\u00e0i b\u00e1o tr\u00ean c\u00e1c t\u1ea1p ch\u00ed h\u00e0ng \u0111\u1ea7u c\u1ee7a nhi\u1ec1u l\u0129nh v\u1ef1c T\u1ea1p ch\u00ed Nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u Ch\u00e2u \u00c1, T\u1ea1p ch\u00ed Nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u \u0110\u00f4ng Nam \u00c1, T\u1ea1p ch\u00ed L\u1ecbch s\u1eed X\u00e3 h\u1ed9i, T\u1ea1p ch\u00ed Nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u Chi\u1ebfn tranh L\u1ea1nh. Trong s\u1ed1 c\u00e1c gi\u1ea3i th\u01b0\u1edfng c\u1ee7a b\u00e0 c\u00f3 H\u1ecdc b\u1ed5ng Qu\u1ed1c gia v\u1ec1 Nh\u00e2n v\u0103n v\u00e0 H\u1ecdc b\u1ed5ng Qu\u1ed1c t\u1ebf Dan David.\u00a0\u00a0<\/p>\n\n

Trong c\u00f4ng tr\u00ecnh \u201cVi\u1ec7t Nam N\u01b0\u1edbc Chia Hai \u0110\u00e0ng\u201d n\u00e0y, Gi\u00e1o s\u01b0 Olga Dror nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u vi\u1ec7c gi\u00e1o hu\u1ea5n (nguy\u00ean v\u0103n \u201ceducation and socialization\u201d) c\u1ee7a thanh ni\u00ean d\u01b0\u1edbi hai ch\u00ednh ph\u1ee7 Vi\u1ec7t Nam \u0111\u1ed1i ngh\u1ecbch nhau, \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0 Vi\u1ec7t Nam C\u1ed9ng h\u00f2a (VNCH ho\u1eb7c Nam Vi\u1ec7t Nam) v\u00e0 Vi\u1ec7t Nam D\u00e2n ch\u1ee7 C\u1ed9ng h\u00f2a (VNDCCH ho\u1eb7c B\u1eafc Vi\u1ec7t Nam), trong nh\u1eefng n\u0103m kh\u1ed1c li\u1ec7t nh\u1ea5t c\u1ee7a cu\u1ed9c n\u1ed9i chi\u1ebfn. L\u00e0 m\u1ed9t ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u00e3 tr\u1ea3i qua m\u1ed9t n\u1eeda th\u1eddi th\u01a1 \u1ea5u \u1edf S\u00e0i G\u00f2n v\u00e0 n\u1eeda c\u00f2n l\u1ea1i \u1edf Th\u00e0nh ph\u1ed1 H\u1ed3 Ch\u00ed Minh sau khi S\u00e0i G\u00f2n b\u1ecb \u0111\u1ed5i t\u00ean d\u01b0\u1edbi ch\u00ednh quy\u1ec1n c\u1ed9ng s\u1ea3n, t\u00f4i v\u00f4 c\u00f9ng c\u1ea3m k\u00edch t\u00e1c gi\u1ea3 \u0111\u00e3 l\u00e0m s\u00e1ng t\u1ecf s\u1ef1 t\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u1ea3n r\u00f5 n\u00e9t gi\u1eefa hai h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng m\u00e0 t\u00f4i \u0111\u00e3 l\u1edbn l\u00ean v\u00e0 tr\u1ea3i nghi\u1ec7m tr\u1ef1c ti\u1ebfp.\u00a0<\/p>\n\n

Hai n\u01b0\u1edbc Vi\u1ec7t Nam trong s\u00e1ch qu\u00e1 kh\u00e1c bi\u1ec7t, khi\u1ebfn ng\u01b0\u1eddi ta t\u1ef1 h\u1ecfi li\u1ec7u c\u1ea3 hai c\u00f3 ph\u1ea3i c\u00f9ng l\u00e0 \u0111\u1ea5t n\u01b0\u1edbc c\u1ee7a ng\u01b0\u1eddi Vi\u1ec7t Nam hay kh\u00f4ng. \u1ede mi\u1ec1n B\u1eafc, ch\u00ednh ph\u1ee7 kh\u00f4ng ch\u1ec9 ki\u1ec3m so\u00e1t tr\u1ef1c ti\u1ebfp c\u00e1c c\u01a1 s\u1edf v\u0103n h\u00f3a v\u00e0 gi\u00e1o d\u1ee5c m\u00e0 c\u00f2n huy \u0111\u1ed9ng thanh ni\u00ean v\u00e0o c\u00e1c t\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c qu\u1ea7n ch\u00fang \u0111\u1ec3 ph\u1ee5c v\u1ee5 cho \u0111\u1ea3ng c\u1ed9ng s\u1ea3n v\u00e0 ch\u00ednh quy\u1ec1n. C\u00e1c ch\u00ednh s\u00e1ch \u1edf mi\u1ec1n B\u1eafc nh\u1eb1m m\u1ee5c \u0111\u00edch gi\u00e1o hu\u1ea5n tr\u1ebb em v\u1edbi m\u1ee5c ti\u00eau duy nh\u1ea5t l\u00e0 t\u1ea1o ra m\u1ed9t th\u1ebf h\u1ec7 chi\u1ebfn binh trung th\u00e0nh v\u1edbi \u00fd th\u1ee9c h\u1ec7, nh\u1eefng con ng\u01b0\u1eddi v\u1edbi l\u00f2ng c\u0103m th\u00f9 k\u1ebb th\u00f9 s\u00e2u s\u1eafc v\u00e0 s\u1eb5n s\u00e0ng ch\u1ebft theo ti\u1ebfng g\u1ecdi c\u1ee7a H\u1ed3 Ch\u00ed Minh v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ea3ng c\u1ee7a \u00f4ng ta.\u00a0\u00a0<\/p>\n\n

\u0110\u1ec3 hi\u1ec3u \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c m\u1ee5c ti\u00eau n\u00e0y, h\u00e3y \u0111\u1ecdc \u0111o\u1ea1n tr\u00edch sau t\u1eeb tuy\u00ean b\u1ed1 c\u1ee7a B\u1ed9 tr\u01b0\u1edfng B\u1ed9 Gi\u00e1o d\u1ee5c Nguy\u1ec5n V\u0103n Huy\u00ean n\u0103m 1962 v\u1ec1 vi\u1ec7c ch\u1ecdn c\u00e1c t\u00e1c gi\u1ea3 nh\u01b0 H\u1ed3 Ch\u00ed Minh, L\u00ea Du\u1ea9n, Marx, Lenin, Mao Tr\u1ea1ch \u0110\u00f4ng, Nikolai Ostrovsky, cho ch\u01b0\u01a1ng tr\u00ecnh gi\u1ea3ng d\u1ea1y \u1edf tr\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1ecdc. Theo \u00f4ng Huy\u00ean, c\u00e1c t\u00e1c ph\u1ea9m n\u00e0y \u201cb\u1ed3i \u0111\u1eafp cho c\u00e1c em tinh th\u1ea7n \u0111\u1ea5u tranh ki\u00ean c\u01b0\u1eddng, \u00fd ch\u00ed chi\u1ebfn \u0111\u1ea5u, t\u00ecnh y\u00eau ch\u00e2n th\u00e0nh \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi giai c\u1ea5p v\u00f4 s\u1ea3n, ni\u1ec1m tin ho\u00e0n to\u00e0n l\u1ea1c quan v\u00e0o ch\u1ee7 ngh\u0129a x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i v\u00e0 ch\u1ee7 ngh\u0129a c\u1ed9ng s\u1ea3n, truy\u1ec1n cho c\u00e1c em s\u1ee9c s\u1ed1ng m\u00e3nh li\u1ec7t c\u1ee7a th\u1ebf h\u1ec7 thanh ni\u00ean H\u1ed3 Ch\u00ed Minh \u0111\u1ec3 v\u01b0\u1ee3t qua m\u1ecdi kh\u00f3 kh\u0103n tr\u1edf ng\u1ea1i, ti\u1ebfn l\u00ean ho\u00e0n th\u00e0nh nhi\u1ec7m v\u1ee5.\u201d1<\/sup>\u00a0<\/p>\n\n

Ng\u01b0\u1ee3c l\u1ea1i, v\u0103n h\u00f3a v\u00e0 gi\u00e1o d\u1ee5c \u1edf mi\u1ec1n Nam t\u1ef1 ch\u1ee7 h\u01a1n nhi\u1ec1u \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi ch\u00ednh quy\u1ec1n. Ch\u00ednh quy\u1ec1n mi\u1ec1n Nam n\u00f3i chung kh\u00f4ng th\u00e0nh l\u1eadp c\u00e1c t\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c ch\u00ednh tr\u1ecb cho thanh ni\u00ean, c\u0169ng kh\u00f4ng ki\u1ec3m so\u00e1t c\u00e1c c\u01a1 s\u1edf v\u0103n h\u00f3a gi\u00e1o d\u1ee5c nh\u01b0 \u1edf mi\u1ec1n B\u1eafc. H\u1ea7u h\u1ebft tr\u1ebb em \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n t\u1ef1 nhi\u00ean v\u00e0 h\u01b0\u1edfng m\u1ed9t n\u1ec1n gi\u00e1o d\u1ee5c b\u00ecnh th\u01b0\u1eddng. Ch\u00ednh ph\u1ee7 kh\u00f4ng t\u00ecm c\u00e1ch tuy\u00ean truy\u1ec1n cho ch\u00fang v\u1ec1 nguy\u00ean nh\u00e2n chi\u1ebfn tranh ho\u1eb7c s\u1ef1 c\u1ea7n thi\u1ebft ph\u1ea3i b\u1ea3o v\u1ec7 mi\u1ec1n Nam Vi\u1ec7t Nam kh\u1ecfi cu\u1ed9c x\u00e2m l\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u1ee7a mi\u1ec1n B\u1eafc.\u00a0\u00a0<\/p>\n\n

Do ch\u00ednh s\u00e1ch \u0111\u00f3, tr\u1ebb em \u1edf mi\u1ec1n Nam kh\u00f4ng hi\u1ec3u g\u00ec v\u1ec1 b\u1ea3n ch\u1ea5t c\u1ee7a chi\u1ebfn tranh v\u00e0 k\u1ebb th\u00f9 c\u1ed9ng s\u1ea3n. M\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 l\u1edbn l\u00ean v\u00e0 tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u1ee7ng h\u1ed9 ch\u00ednh ph\u1ee7. Nhi\u1ec1u ng\u01b0\u1eddi tham gia c\u1ed9ng s\u1ea3n ho\u1eb7c c\u00e1c nh\u00f3m ch\u1ed1ng ch\u00ednh ph\u1ee7 kh\u00e1c. H\u1ea7u h\u1ebft c\u00f3 l\u1ebd th\u1edd \u01a1 v\u1edbi ch\u00ednh tr\u1ecb. N\u1ebfu t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 tr\u1ebb em mi\u1ec1n B\u1eafc \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c l\u1eadp tr\u00ecnh \u0111\u1ec3 tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh chi\u1ebfn s\u0129 c\u1ed9ng s\u1ea3n, th\u00ec tr\u1ebb em mi\u1ec1n Nam ph\u1ea7n l\u1edbn \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u1ef1 do l\u1ef1a ch\u1ecdn ni\u1ec1m tin ch\u00ednh tr\u1ecb c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh khi tr\u01b0\u1edfng th\u00e0nh.\u00a0<\/p>\n\n

T\u1eadp trung v\u00e0o qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh gi\u00e1o hu\u1ea5n thanh ni\u00ean, Olga Dror cung c\u1ea5p b\u1eb1ng ch\u1ee9ng phong ph\u00fa v\u1ec1 hai vi\u1ec5n ki\u1ebfn ch\u00ednh tr\u1ecb \u0111\u1ed1i l\u1eadp trong l\u1ecbch s\u1eed Vi\u1ec7t Nam hi\u1ec7n \u0111\u1ea1i. \u0110\u00e2y l\u00e0 hai vi\u1ec5n ki\u1ebfn c\u1ed9ng h\u00f2a v\u00e0 c\u1ed9ng s\u1ea3n m\u00e0 trong hai th\u1eadp k\u1ef7 \u0111\u00e3 t\u1ed3n t\u1ea1i song song tr\u00ean hai l\u00e3nh th\u1ed5 ri\u00eang bi\u1ec7t d\u01b0\u1edbi hai ch\u00ednh th\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ed1i ch\u1ecdi nhau. Ch\u00ednh th\u1ec3 c\u1ed9ng ho\u00e0 t\u00f4n tr\u1ecdng m\u1ed9t x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i \u0111a d\u1ea1ng v\u00e0 cho ph\u00e9p t\u1ef1 do d\u00e2n s\u1ef1; ch\u00ednh th\u1ec3 c\u1ed9ng s\u1ea3n s\u1eb5n s\u00e0ng s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng c\u00e1c bi\u1ec7n ph\u00e1p c\u01b0\u1ee1ng ch\u1ebf \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ea1t \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1ef1 th\u1ed1ng nh\u1ea5t v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ed3ng nh\u1ea5t. Ch\u00ednh th\u1ec3 c\u1ed9ng ho\u00e0 b\u00e1c b\u1ecf chi\u1ebfn tranh v\u00e0 ch\u1ee9a \u0111\u1ef1ng nh\u1eefng m\u1ea7m m\u1ed1ng c\u1ee7a m\u1ed9t n\u1ec1n d\u00e2n ch\u1ee7 t\u1ef1 do; ch\u00ednh th\u1ec3 c\u1ed9ng s\u1ea3n t\u00f4n vinh chi\u1ebfn tranh v\u00e0 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng tr\u00ean n\u1ec1n t\u1ea3ng c\u1ee7a ch\u1ebf \u0111\u1ed9 \u0111\u1ed9c t\u00e0i ki\u1ec3u Stalin-Mao.\u00a0\u00a0<\/p>\n\n

Xung \u0111\u1ed9t gi\u1eefa hai vi\u1ec5n ki\u1ebfn v\u00e0 ch\u00ednh th\u1ec3 li\u00ean quan \u0111\u1ebfn c\u00e1c gi\u00e1 tr\u1ecb n\u1ec1n t\u1ea3ng, c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 \u201cxung \u0111\u1ed9t gi\u1eefa hai n\u1ec1n v\u0103n minh\u201d (t\u1eeb c\u1ee7a Samuel Huntington). D\u00f9 qu\u00e2n \u0111\u1ed9i c\u1ed9ng s\u1ea3n gi\u00e0nh \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c chi\u1ebfn th\u1eafng v\u00e0o n\u0103m 1975, vi\u1ec5n ki\u1ebfn c\u1ed9ng s\u1ea3n ng\u00e0y nay \u0111\u00e3 m\u1ea5t \u1ea3nh h\u01b0\u1edfng trong x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i, nh\u01b0 Dror ch\u1ec9 ra: \u201ctrong nh\u1eefng th\u1eadp k\u1ef7 g\u1ea7n \u0111\u00e2y, c\u00e1ch nu\u00f4i d\u1ea1y th\u1ebf h\u1ec7 tr\u1ebb th\u1eddi [Vi\u1ec7t Nam C\u1ed9ng H\u00f2a] \u2026 m\u1ed9t th\u1eddi b\u1ecb c\u1ed9ng s\u1ea3n khinh mi\u1ec7t, \u0111\u00e3 d\u1ea7n d\u1ea7n xu\u1ea5t hi\u1ec7n l\u1ea1i\u201d \u1edf Vi\u1ec7t Nam. Chi\u1ebfn th\u1eafng c\u1ee7a c\u1ed9ng s\u1ea3n n\u0103m 1975 h\u00f3a ra kh\u00f4ng thuy\u1ebft ph\u1ee5c v\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0 t\u1ea5t y\u1ebfu nh\u01b0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi ta t\u01b0\u1edfng. Ng\u00e0y nay ta \u0111\u00e3 th\u1ea5y r\u00f5 \u0111\u00f3 ch\u1ec9 l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t chi\u1ebfn th\u1eafng qu\u00e2n s\u1ef1 thu\u1ea7n tu\u00fd, c\u00f2n v\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t v\u0103n minh, n\u1ec1n v\u0103n minh c\u1ee7a ch\u00ednh th\u1ec3 c\u1ed9ng ho\u00e0 nh\u00e2n v\u0103n h\u01a1n v\u00e0 r\u00f5 r\u00e0ng c\u00f3 s\u1ee9c s\u1ed1ng m\u1ea1nh m\u1ebd h\u01a1n.\u00a0<\/p>\n\n

C\u00f4ng tr\u00ecnh nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u c\u1ee7a Gi\u00e1o s\u01b0 Olga Dror g\u00f3p ph\u1ea7n soi s\u00e1ng nhi\u1ec1u c\u00e2u h\u1ecfi v\u1ec1 cu\u1ed9c n\u1ed9i chi\u1ebfn Vi\u1ec7t Nam. Ch\u00ednh s\u00e1ch gi\u00e1o d\u1ee5c c\u1ee7a mi\u1ec1n B\u1eafc cho th\u1ea5y gi\u1edbi l\u00e3nh \u0111\u1ea1o c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd mu\u1ed1n t\u1ea1o ra m\u1ed9t x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i c\u00e1ch m\u1ea1ng th\u00f4ng qua \u0111\u1ea5u tranh giai c\u1ea5p d\u01b0\u1edbi s\u1ef1 l\u00e3nh \u0111\u1ea1o c\u1ee7a \u0111\u1ea3ng c\u1ed9ng s\u1ea3n. \u0110\u00e2y l\u00e0 m\u1ee5c \u0111\u00edch cu\u1ed1i c\u00f9ng c\u1ee7a cu\u1ed9c chi\u1ebfn m\u00e0 h\u1ecd ki\u00ean tr\u00ec theo \u0111u\u1ed5i v\u1edbi c\u00e1i gi\u00e1 kinh ho\u00e0ng. Ng\u01b0\u1ee3c l\u1ea1i, ch\u00ednh s\u00e1ch gi\u00e1o d\u1ee5c c\u1ee7a mi\u1ec1n Nam Vi\u1ec7t Nam ph\u1ea3n \u00e1nh m\u1ee5c ti\u00eau t\u1ef1 v\u1ec7 ch\u1ed1ng l\u1ea1i cu\u1ed9c chi\u1ebfn do mi\u1ec1n B\u1eafc ph\u00e1t \u0111\u1ed9ng. Ch\u00ednh quy\u1ec1n mi\u1ec1n Nam n\u00f3i chung kh\u00f4ng bu\u1ed9c ng\u01b0\u1eddi d\u00e2n c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh ph\u1ea3i chi\u1ebfn \u0111\u1ea5u hay hy sinh v\u01b0\u1ee3t qu\u00e1 nh\u1eefng g\u00ec th\u1ef1c s\u1ef1 c\u1ea7n thi\u1ebft. Tr\u1ebb em mi\u1ec1n Nam v\u00e0 s\u1ef1 ng\u00e2y th\u01a1 c\u1ee7a ch\u00fang \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c b\u1ea3o v\u1ec7 d\u00f9 quanh ch\u00fang \u0111ang di\u1ec5n ra m\u1ed9t cu\u1ed9c chi\u1ebfn t\u00e0n kh\u1ed1c do H\u00e0 N\u1ed9i ch\u1ec9 \u0111\u1ea1o.\u00a0<\/p>\n\n

Trong khi c\u00e1c h\u1ecdc gi\u1ea3 t\u1eeb l\u00e2u \u0111\u00e3 bi\u1ebft c\u00e1ch nh\u00e0 n\u01b0\u1edbc Stalinist-Maoist \u1edf mi\u1ec1n B\u1eafc Vi\u1ec7t Nam ki\u1ec3m so\u00e1t s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t v\u00e0 ngu\u1ed3n sinh k\u1ebf c\u1ee7a h\u1ea7u h\u1ebft ng\u01b0\u1eddi d\u00e2n, th\u00ec \u201cVi\u1ec7t Nam N\u01b0\u1edbc Chia Hai \u0110\u00e0ng\u201d l\u00e0 t\u00e1c ph\u1ea9m ti\u1ebfng Anh \u0111\u1ea7u ti\u00ean tr\u00ecnh b\u00e0y m\u1ed9t t\u00ecnh hu\u1ed1ng t\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u1ef1 \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi c\u00e1c c\u01a1 s\u1edf gi\u00e1o d\u1ee5c v\u00e0 \u0111\u1eddi s\u1ed1ng v\u0103n h\u00f3a. C\u00f4ng tr\u00ecnh n\u00e0y ho\u00e0n t\u1ea5t b\u1ee9c tranh v\u1ec1 mi\u1ec1n B\u1eafc d\u01b0\u1edbi ch\u1ebf \u0111\u1ed9 to\u00e0n tr\u1ecb kh\u00f4ng ch\u1ec9 v\u1ec1 ch\u00ednh tr\u1ecb kinh t\u1ebf m\u00e0 c\u00f2n c\u1ea3 v\u0103n ho\u00e1 gi\u00e1o d\u1ee5c. H\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng n\u00e0y mang l\u1ea1i cho mi\u1ec1n B\u1eafc m\u1ed9t l\u1ee3i th\u1ebf l\u1edbn so v\u1edbi mi\u1ec1n Nam trong vi\u1ec7c huy \u0111\u1ed9ng nh\u00e2n l\u1ef1c th\u00f4ng qua c\u00e1c bi\u1ec7n ph\u00e1p tuy\u00ean truy\u1ec1n nh\u1ed3i s\u1ecd v\u00e0 c\u01b0\u1ee1ng \u00e9p, v\u00e0 trong vi\u1ec7c s\u1ea3n sinh ra nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi b\u1ed9 \u0111\u1ed9i \u201canh h\u00f9ng\u201d m\u00e0 kho\u1ea3ng m\u1ed9t tri\u1ec7u ng\u01b0\u1eddi trong s\u1ed1 h\u1ecd \u0111\u00e3 b\u1ecf m\u1ea1ng trong chi\u1ebfn tranh. Tuy nhi\u00ean, \u0111i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 ngh\u0129a l\u00e0 mi\u1ec1n B\u1eafc \u201cnh\u1ea5t \u0111\u1ecbnh th\u1eafng l\u1ee3i\u201d, Gs. Olga Dror l\u1eadp lu\u1eadn, v\u00ec chi\u1ebfn th\u1eafng c\u00f2n ph\u1ee5 thu\u1ed9c v\u00e0o vi\u1ec7n tr\u1ee3 c\u1ee7a n\u01b0\u1edbc ngo\u00e0i. Tr\u00ean th\u1ef1c t\u1ebf, chi\u1ebfn d\u1ecbch cu\u1ed1i c\u00f9ng c\u1ee7a mi\u1ec1n B\u1eafc trong cu\u1ed9c chi\u1ebfn c\u00f3 m\u1eb7t xe t\u0103ng, ph\u00e1o binh, v\u00e0 h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng ph\u00f2ng kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 l\u1ebd l\u00e0 ti\u00ean ti\u1ebfn nh\u1ea5t th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi v\u00e0o th\u1eddi \u0111i\u1ec3m \u0111\u00f3 do Li\u00ean X\u00f4 ch\u1ebf t\u1ea1o v\u00e0 cung c\u1ea5p.\u00a0<\/p>\n\n

\u0110i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y g\u1ee3i cho ta ngh\u0129 \u0111\u1ebfn m\u1ed1i quan h\u1ec7 c\u1ee7a H\u00e0 N\u1ed9i v\u00e0 S\u00e0i G\u00f2n v\u1edbi \u0111\u1ed3ng minh c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd. C\u1ea3 hai \u0111\u1ec1u ph\u1ee5 thu\u1ed9c r\u1ea5t nhi\u1ec1u v\u00e0o \u0111\u1ed3ng minh v\u1ec1 vi\u1ec7n tr\u1ee3 qu\u00e2n s\u1ef1 v\u00e0 kinh t\u1ebf, nh\u01b0ng c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t s\u1ef1 kh\u00e1c bi\u1ec7t quan tr\u1ecdng trong m\u1ed1i quan h\u1ec7 \u00fd th\u1ee9c h\u1ec7. \u1ede mi\u1ec1n B\u1eafc, tr\u1ebb em \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c d\u1ea1y d\u1ed7, v\u00e0 c\u1ea3 x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i ph\u1ea3i t\u00f4n k\u00ednh Marx, Engels, Lenin, v\u00e0 \u1edf m\u1ed9t m\u1ee9c \u0111\u1ed9 th\u1ea5p h\u01a1n, Stalin v\u00e0 Mao. Ng\u01b0\u1ee3c l\u1ea1i, kh\u00f4ng ai d\u1ea1y tr\u1ebb em mi\u1ec1n Nam t\u00f4n th\u1edd b\u1ea5t k\u1ef3 nh\u00e0 l\u00e3nh \u0111\u1ea1o ngo\u1ea1i qu\u1ed1c n\u00e0o, l\u1ea1i c\u00e0ng kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0 c\u00e1c t\u1ed5ng th\u1ed1ng M\u1ef9. Nhi\u1ec1u tr\u00ed th\u1ee9c mi\u1ec1n Nam \u0111\u00e3 c\u00f4ng khai ch\u1ec9 tr\u00edch t\u00e1c \u0111\u1ed9ng b\u0103ng ho\u1ea1i c\u1ee7a v\u0103n h\u00f3a M\u1ef9 \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd sau n\u0103m 1965. C\u00e1c h\u1ecda s\u0129 bi\u1ebfm h\u1ecda S\u00e0i G\u00f2n t\u1ef1 do ch\u1ebf gi\u1ec5u T\u1ed5ng th\u1ed1ng Nixon v\u00e0 c\u1ed1 v\u1ea5n c\u1ee7a \u00f4ng, Ti\u1ebfn s\u0129 Henry Kissinger, trong khi ng\u01b0\u1eddi mi\u1ec1n B\u1eafc n\u00e0o d\u00e1m ch\u1ec9 tr\u00edch b\u1ea5t c\u1ee9 \u0111i\u1ec1u g\u00ec v\u1ec1 Trung Qu\u1ed1c, Li\u00ean X\u00f4, hay \u201cc\u00e1c n\u01b0\u1edbc anh em\u201d \u1edf n\u01a1i c\u00f4ng c\u1ed9ng s\u1ebd b\u1ecb b\u1eaft ngay v\u00e0 ch\u1ebft m\u00f2n m\u1ecfi trong t\u00f9.\u00a0\u00a0<\/p>\n\n

L\u00f2ng trung th\u00e0nh v\u1ec1 \u00fd th\u1ee9c h\u1ec7 c\u1ee7a H\u00e0 N\u1ed9i, \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u1ec3 hi\u1ec7n kh\u00f4ng ch\u1ec9 trong di\u1ec5n ng\u00f4n c\u00f4ng khai m\u00e0 c\u00f2n trong vi\u1ec7c quan t\u00e2m gi\u1eef g\u00ecn t\u00ecnh \u0111o\u00e0n k\u1ebft trong phe c\u1ed9ng s\u1ea3n, c\u00f3 l\u1ebd \u0111\u00e3 g\u00f3p ph\u1ea7n v\u00e0o s\u1ef1 \u1ee7ng h\u1ed9 ki\u00ean \u0111\u1ecbnh \u0111\u1ebfn c\u00f9ng c\u1ee7a phe c\u1ed9ng s\u1ea3n qu\u1ed1c t\u1ebf, trong khi c\u00e1i ch\u1ebft c\u1ee7a Ng\u00f4 \u0110\u00ecnh Di\u1ec7m cho th\u1ea5y M\u1ef9 v\u00e0 Nam Vi\u1ec7t Nam b\u1ecb xung \u0111\u1ed9t quan \u0111i\u1ec3m, m\u00e2u thu\u1eabn l\u1ee3i \u00edch, v\u00e0 ng\u1edd v\u1ef1c l\u1eabn nhau. T\u00ecnh h\u00ecnh n\u00e0y g\u00f3p ph\u1ea7n khi\u1ebfn Hoa K\u1ef3 cu\u1ed1i c\u00f9ng r\u00fat kh\u1ecfi mi\u1ec1n Nam Vi\u1ec7t Nam v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ec3 n\u01b0\u1edbc n\u00e0y t\u1ef1 m\u00ecnh \u0111\u1ed1i \u0111\u1ea7u v\u1edbi to\u00e0n b\u1ed9 kh\u1ed1i c\u1ed9ng s\u1ea3n.\u00a0<\/p>\n\n

Khi ta hi\u1ec3u r\u00f5 h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng mi\u1ec1n B\u1eafc kh\u00e1c v\u1edbi mi\u1ec1n Nam nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf n\u00e0o, nh\u00e0 n\u01b0\u1edbc mi\u1ec1n B\u1eafc ki\u1ec3m so\u00e1t x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i ch\u1eb7t ch\u1ebd nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf n\u00e0o, v\u00e0 h\u1eadn th\u00f9, nhi\u1ec7t t\u00ecnh c\u00e1ch m\u1ea1ng, v\u00e0 v\u0103n ho\u00e1 t\u00f4n vinh chi\u1ebfn tranh \u0111\u00e3 ng\u1ea5m v\u00e0o to\u00e0n b\u1ed9 x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i mi\u1ec1n B\u1eafc trong th\u1eddi chi\u1ebfn nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf n\u00e0o, th\u00ec nh\u1eefng bi k\u1ecbch th\u1eddi h\u1eadu chi\u1ebfn kh\u00f4ng l\u00e0m ta ng\u1ea1c nhi\u00ean. V\u1edbi chi\u1ebfn th\u1eafng c\u1ee7a mi\u1ec1n B\u1eafc, l\u00f2ng c\u0103m th\u00f9 \u0111\u00f3 \u0111\u00e3 d\u1ed3n h\u1ebft v\u00e0o k\u1ebb th\u00f9 \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u1ea7u h\u00e0ng l\u00e0 nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi c\u00f3 li\u00ean h\u1ec7 v\u1edbi ch\u00ednh quy\u1ec1n mi\u1ec1n Nam, v\u00e0 gia \u0111\u00ecnh c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd. Theo l\u1ec7nh c\u1ee7a H\u00e0 N\u1ed9i ban ra, c\u00e1ch m\u1ea1ng v\u00f4 s\u1ea3n di\u1ec5n ra quy\u1ebft li\u1ec7t kh\u1eafp mi\u1ec1n Nam: ch\u00ednh quy\u1ec1n t\u1ecbch thu t\u00e0i s\u1ea3n c\u1ee7a ch\u1ee7 doanh nghi\u1ec7p, b\u1eaft n\u00f4ng d\u00e2n tham gia h\u1ee3p t\u00e1c x\u00e3, c\u1ea5m bu\u00f4n b\u00e1n, tr\u1ee5c xu\u1ea5t ng\u01b0\u1eddi g\u1ed1c Hoa ra kh\u1ecfi \u0111\u1ea5t n\u01b0\u1edbc, \u0111\u1ed1t s\u00e1ch, \u0111\u00f3ng c\u1eeda c\u00e1c t\u1edd b\u00e1o t\u01b0 nh\u00e2n \u0111\u1ed9c l\u1eadp v\u00e0 c\u00e1c c\u00f4ng ty xu\u1ea5t b\u1ea3n, \u0111\u00e0n \u00e1p tr\u00ed th\u1ee9c v\u00e0 gi\u1edbi l\u00e3nh \u0111\u1ea1o t\u00f4n gi\u00e1o, v\u00e0 thi\u1ebft l\u1eadp s\u1ef1 ki\u1ec3m so\u00e1t tr\u1ef1c ti\u1ebfp c\u1ee7a \u0110\u1ea3ng C\u1ed9ng s\u1ea3n trong c\u00e1c tr\u01b0\u1eddng ph\u1ed5 th\u00f4ng v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ea1i h\u1ecdc.\u00a0\u00a0<\/p>\n\n

Chi\u1ebfn tranh, l\u1ea7n n\u00e0y l\u00e0 gi\u1eefa c\u1ed9ng s\u1ea3n Vi\u1ec7t Nam v\u1edbi \u0111\u1ed3ng minh c\u0169 Campuchia v\u00e0 Trung C\u1ed9ng, nhanh ch\u00f3ng t\u00e1i di\u1ec5n ch\u1ec9 sau b\u1ed1n n\u0103m h\u00f2a b\u00ecnh. \u201cVi\u1ec7t Nam N\u01b0\u1edbc Chia Hai \u0110\u00e0ng\u201d kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u1ec1 c\u1eadp \u0111\u1ebfn vi\u1ec7c x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng l\u1ea1i m\u1ed9t Vi\u1ec7t Nam duy nh\u1ea5t sau chi\u1ebfn tranh, nh\u01b0ng g\u1ee3i ra l\u00fd do t\u1ea1i sao chi\u1ebfn tranh kh\u00f4ng d\u1eebng l\u1ea1i sau khi Vi\u1ec7t Nam th\u1ed1ng nh\u1ea5t: cu\u1ed9c n\u1ed9i chi\u1ebfn tr\u00ean th\u1ef1c t\u1ebf v\u1eabn ti\u1ebfp di\u1ec5n gi\u1eefa \u0111\u1ea3ng c\u1ed9ng s\u1ea3n v\u00e0 c\u00e1c t\u1ea7ng l\u1edbp d\u00e2n ch\u00fang mi\u1ec1n Nam kh\u00e1c nhau t\u1eeb n\u00f4ng d\u00e2n \u0111\u1ebfn giai c\u1ea5p t\u01b0 s\u1ea3n; v\u00e0 m\u1ed9t cu\u1ed9c chi\u1ebfn m\u1edbi g\u00e2y ra khi tham v\u1ecdng b\u00e1 ch\u1ee7 \u0110\u00f4ng Nam \u00c1 c\u1ee7a c\u1ed9ng s\u1ea3n Vi\u1ec7t Nam \u0111\u1ed1i \u0111\u1ea7u v\u1edbi tham v\u1ecdng c\u1ee7a c\u1ed9ng s\u1ea3n Campuchia v\u00e0 Trung Qu\u1ed1c.\u00a0<\/p>\n\n

\u201cVi\u1ec7t Nam N\u01b0\u1edbc Chia Hai \u0110\u00e0ng\u201d n\u00f3i v\u1ec1 m\u1ed9t giai \u0111o\u1ea1n quan tr\u1ecdng trong l\u1ecbch s\u1eed Vi\u1ec7t Nam hi\u1ec7n \u0111\u1ea1i v\u00e0 v\u01b0\u1ee3t ra ngo\u00e0i cu\u1ed9c chi\u1ebfn \u0111\u1ec3 xem x\u00e9t con ng\u01b0\u1eddi Vi\u1ec7t Nam v\u00e0 x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd. Qua t\u00e1c ph\u1ea9m n\u00e0y, Gi\u00e1o s\u01b0 Olga Dror c\u00f3 \u0111\u00f3ng g\u00f3p l\u1edbn cho ng\u00e0nh Vi\u1ec7t Nam h\u1ecdc, \u0111\u01b0a ra nh\u1eefng c\u00e2u tr\u1ea3 l\u1eddi thuy\u1ebft ph\u1ee5c cho nhi\u1ec1u c\u00e2u h\u1ecfi trong cu\u1ed9c tranh lu\u1eadn v\u1ec1 cu\u1ed9c n\u1ed9i chi\u1ebfn Nam B\u1eafc, v\u00e0 x\u1ee9ng \u0111\u00e1ng l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t m\u00f4 h\u00ecnh m\u1eabu cho c\u00e1c c\u00f4ng tr\u00ecnh nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u khoa h\u1ecdc trong t\u01b0\u01a1ng lai. Trung T\u00e2m Nghi\u00ean C\u1ee9u Vi\u1ec7t-M\u1ef9 hoan ngh\u00eanh Gi\u00e1o s\u01b0 Olga Dror, c\u1ea3m t\u1ea1 \u00f4ng L\u00ea T\u00f9ng Ch\u00e2u, v\u00e0 ch\u00fac b\u1ea1n \u0111\u1ecdc Vi\u1ec7t Nam h\u1ecdc h\u1ecfi \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c nhi\u1ec1u t\u1eeb t\u00e1c ph\u1ea9m n\u00e0y.\u00a0<\/p>\n\n

V\u0169 T\u01b0\u1eddng\u00a0\u00a0<\/em><\/p>\n

<\/em><\/p>\n

Trung T\u00e2m Nghi\u00ean C\u1ee9u Vi\u1ec7t-M\u1ef9,\u00a0\u0110\u1ea1i h\u1ecdc\u00a0Oregon\u00a0<\/em><\/p>\n

<\/em><\/p>\n

Ghi ch\u00fa: B\u00e0i \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c d\u1ecbch v\u00e0 s\u1eeda l\u1ea1i t\u1eeb ph\u1ea7n gi\u1edbi thi\u1ec7u s\u00e1ch tr\u00ean Di\u1ec5n \u0111\u00e0n H-Diplo c\u1ee7a s\u1eed gia M\u1ef9: https:\/\/networks.h-net.org\/node\/28443\/discussions\/5732194\/h-diplo-roundtable-xxi-25-making-two-vietnams-war-and-youth<\/a><\/p>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

L\u1edcI GI\u1edaI THI\u1ec6U\u00a0 Trung\u00a0T\u00e2m\u00a0Nghi\u00ean C\u1ee9u Vi\u1ec7t-M\u1ef9 h\u00e2n h\u1ea1nh gi\u1edbi thi\u1ec7u v\u1edbi \u0111\u1ed9c gi\u1ea3 Vi\u1ec7t Nam m\u1ed9t c\u00f4ng tr\u00ecnh nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u quan tr\u1ecdng\u00a0g\u1ea7n \u0111\u00e2y\u00a0c\u1ee7a Gi\u00e1o s\u01b0\u00a0Olga\u00a0Dror\u00a0v\u1ec1 chi\u1ebfn tranh Vi\u1ec7t Nam, qua b\u1ea3n d\u1ecbch c\u00f4ng phu v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ea7y t\u00e2m huy\u1ebft c\u1ee7a d\u1ecbch gi\u1ea3 L\u00ea T\u00f9ng Ch\u00e2u t\u1eeb nguy\u00ean t\u00e1c ti\u1ebfng Anh, \u201cMaking Two Vietnams: War and Youth […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":4,"featured_media":15023,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[65],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-15020","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-publications"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/usvietnamcenter.uoregon.edu\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/15020","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/usvietnamcenter.uoregon.edu\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/usvietnamcenter.uoregon.edu\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/usvietnamcenter.uoregon.edu\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/4"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/usvietnamcenter.uoregon.edu\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=15020"}],"version-history":[{"count":8,"href":"https:\/\/usvietnamcenter.uoregon.edu\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/15020\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":15079,"href":"https:\/\/usvietnamcenter.uoregon.edu\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/15020\/revisions\/15079"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/usvietnamcenter.uoregon.edu\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/15023"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/usvietnamcenter.uoregon.edu\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=15020"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/usvietnamcenter.uoregon.edu\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=15020"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/usvietnamcenter.uoregon.edu\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=15020"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}