{"id":15015,"date":"2026-05-27T20:41:06","date_gmt":"2026-05-27T20:41:06","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/usvietnamcenter.uoregon.edu\/?p=15015"},"modified":"2026-05-30T00:20:15","modified_gmt":"2026-05-30T00:20:15","slug":"vien-soi-trang-hoi-ky-cua-ba-ngo-dinh-nhu","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/usvietnamcenter.uoregon.edu\/vien-soi-trang-hoi-ky-cua-ba-ngo-dinh-nhu\/","title":{"rendered":"Vi\u00ean S\u1ecfi Tr\u1eafng – H\u1ed3i K\u00fd C\u1ee7a B\u00e0 Ng\u00f4-\u0110\u00ecnh Nhu"},"content":{"rendered":"\t\t
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S\u00e1ch\u00a0c\u00f3 b\u00e1n\u00a0online\u00a0(b\u1ea5m v\u00e0o\u00a0link\u00a0d\u01b0\u1edbi \u0111\u00e2y \u0111\u1ec3 mua):\u00a0Amazon<\/a>, Lulu<\/a><\/p>\n

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L\u1edcI T\u1ef0A<\/strong>\u00a0<\/p>\n

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V\u0169\u00a0T\u01b0\u1eddng\u00a0<\/p>\n

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Trung\u00a0t\u00e2m\u00a0Nghi\u00ean\u00a0c\u1ee9u\u00a0Vi\u1ec7t-M\u1ef9,\u00a0\u0110\u1ea1i\u00a0h\u1ecdc\u00a0Oregon\u00a0<\/p>\n

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Trung t\u00e2m Nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u Vi\u1ec7t-M\u1ef9 h\u00e2n h\u1ea1nh ch\u1ee7 tr\u00ec vi\u1ec7c d\u1ecbch thu\u1eadt t\u1eeb ti\u1ebfng Ph\u00e1p v\u00e0 \u1ea5n h\u00e0nh di c\u1ea3o \u201cVi\u00ean S\u1ecfi Tr\u1eafng\u201d c\u1ee7a b\u00e0 Ng\u00f4-\u0110\u00ecnh Nhu (nh\u0169 danh Tr\u1ea7n L\u1ec7 Xu\u00e2n), \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c vi\u1ebft v\u00e0o nh\u1eefng n\u0103m cu\u1ed1i \u0111\u1eddi c\u1ee7a b\u00e0. K\u00e8m theo cu\u1ed1n h\u1ed3i k\u00fd l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t b\u00e0i ti\u1ec3u lu\u1eadn c\u1ee7a Ng\u00f4-\u0110\u00ecnh L\u1ec7 Quy\u00ean, Ng\u00f4-\u0110\u00ecnh Qu\u1ef3nh, v\u00e0 Jacqueline Willemetz v\u1edbi t\u1ef1a \u0111\u1ec1 \u201cVi\u1ec7t Nam C\u1ed9ng H\u00f2a v\u00e0 Gia T\u1ed9c Ng\u00f4-\u0110\u00ecnh.\u201d Ng\u00f4-\u0110\u00ecnh L\u1ec7 Quy\u00ean (qua \u0111\u1eddi n\u0103m 2012) v\u00e0 Ng\u00f4-\u0110\u00ecnh Qu\u1ef3nh l\u00e0 hai trong s\u1ed1 b\u1ed1n ng\u01b0\u1eddi con c\u1ee7a \u00f4ng Ng\u00f4-\u0110\u00ecnh Nhu v\u00e0 b\u00e0 Tr\u1ea7n L\u1ec7 Xu\u00e2n — hai ng\u01b0\u1eddi c\u00f2n l\u1ea1i, Ng\u00f4-\u0110\u00ecnh L\u1ec7 Thu\u1ef7 v\u00e0 Ng\u00f4-\u0110\u00ecnh Tr\u00e1c, l\u1ea7n l\u01b0\u1ee3t qua \u0111\u1eddi v\u00e0o n\u0103m 1968 v\u00e0 2021. Jacqueline Willemetz l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t ng\u01b0\u1eddi b\u1ea1n c\u1ee7a gia \u0111\u00ecnh c\u00f3 cha l\u00e0 b\u1ea1n h\u1ecdc v\u1edbi Ng\u00f4-\u0110\u00ecnh Nhu t\u1ea1i Tr\u01b0\u1eddng Qu\u1ed1c gia Hi\u1ebfn Ch\u01b0\u01a1ng [\u00c9cole Nationale des Chartes] c\u1ee7a Ph\u00e1p.\u00a0<\/p>\n

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Ch\u00fang t\u00f4i r\u1ea5t bi\u1ebft \u01a1n Nh\u00e0 Xu\u1ea5t B\u1ea3n L\u2019Harmattan \u0111\u00e3 cho ph\u00e9p d\u1ecbch v\u00e0 in cu\u1ed1n s\u00e1ch n\u00e0y. Ch\u00fang t\u00f4i c\u1ea3m \u01a1n gia \u0111\u00ecnh v\u00e0 b\u1ea1n b\u00e8 c\u1ee7a gia \u0111\u00ecnh Ng\u00f4-\u0110\u00ecnh, \u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t l\u00e0 b\u00e0 Jacqueline Willemetz v\u00e0 \u00f4ng Olindo Borsoi, ch\u1ed3ng c\u1ee7a Ng\u00f4-\u0110\u00ecnh L\u1ec7 Quy\u00ean. B\u00e0 Willemetz v\u00e0 \u00f4ng Borsoi nh\u1eadn tr\u00e1ch nhi\u1ec7m xu\u1ea5t b\u1ea3n cu\u1ed1n s\u00e1ch g\u1ed1c v\u00e0o n\u0103m 2013 sau khi b\u00e0 Ng\u00f4-\u0110\u00ecnh Nhu v\u00e0 Ng\u00f4-\u0110\u00ecnh L\u1ec7 Quy\u00ean l\u1ea7n l\u01b0\u1ee3t qua \u0111\u1eddi v\u00e0o n\u0103m 2011 v\u00e0 n\u0103m 2012. Nh\u1edd h\u1ecd nhi\u1ec7t t\u00ecnh cung c\u1ea5p v\u0103n b\u1ea3n, h\u00ecnh \u1ea3nh, v\u00e0 t\u00e0i li\u1ec7u c\u0169ng nh\u01b0 cho ph\u00e9p d\u1ecbch v\u00e0 xu\u1ea5t b\u1ea3n, cu\u1ed1n s\u00e1ch n\u00e0y m\u1edbi c\u00f3 ng\u00e0y nay. Ch\u00fang t\u00f4i c\u0169ng mu\u1ed1n ghi nh\u1eadn t\u1ea5m l\u00f2ng c\u1ee7a \u00f4ng Borsoi qua vi\u1ec7c u\u1ef7 th\u00e1c cho Trung T\u00e2m b\u1ed1n th\u00f9ng t\u00e0i li\u1ec7u c\u1ee7a b\u00e0 Nhu \u0111\u1ec3 s\u1ed1 h\u00f3a, c\u00f9ng v\u1edbi nhi\u1ec1u b\u1ed9 \u00e1o d\u00e0i c\u1ee7a b\u00e0 v\u00e0 Ng\u00f4-\u0110\u00ecnh L\u1ec7 Thu\u1ef7 \u0111\u1ec3 s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng cho m\u1ed9t cu\u1ed9c tri\u1ec3n l\u00e3m trong t\u01b0\u01a1ng lai. B\u1ed1n trong s\u1ed1 nh\u1eefng t\u00e0i li\u1ec7u \u0111\u00f3 \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u00eam v\u00e0o ph\u1ea7n Ph\u1ee5 l\u1ee5c c\u1ee7a s\u00e1ch. Cu\u1ed1i c\u00f9ng nh\u01b0ng kh\u00f4ng k\u00e9m ph\u1ea7n quan tr\u1ecdng, ch\u00fang t\u00f4i xin c\u1ea3m \u01a1n \u00f4ng b\u00e0 Nguy\u1ec5n \u0110\u1ee9c C\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u00e3 h\u1ed7 tr\u1ee3 d\u1ef1 \u00e1n n\u00e0y ngay t\u1eeb \u0111\u1ea7u. Xin c\u1ea3m \u01a1n \u00f4ng Phan L\u01b0\u01a1ng Quang \u0111\u00e3 ph\u1ee5 tr\u00e1ch ch\u00ednh ph\u1ea7n d\u1ecbch thu\u1eadt, v\u00e0 b\u00e0 Maria Cristina de Mariassevich v\u00e0 TS Nguy\u1ec5n L\u01b0\u01a1ng H\u1ea3i Kh\u00f4i \u0111\u00e3 gi\u00fap hi\u1ec7u \u0111\u00ednh. Cu\u1ed1i c\u00f9ng, ch\u00fang t\u00f4i xin c\u1ea3m \u01a1n c\u00f4 V\u0169 H\u1ed3ng Trang, ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u00e3 gi\u00fap ch\u00fang t\u00f4i ti\u1ebfp x\u00fac v\u1edbi \u00f4ng Olindo Borsoi.\u00a0<\/p>\n

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H\u01a1n n\u1eeda th\u1ebf k\u1ef7 sau c\u00e1i ch\u1ebft c\u1ee7a T\u1ed5ng th\u1ed1ng Ng\u00f4-\u0110\u00ecnh Di\u1ec7m v\u00e0 b\u00e0o \u0111\u1ec7 Ng\u00f4-\u0110\u00ecnh Nhu, gi\u1edd \u0111\u00e2y ch\u00fang ta c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 t\u00ecm hi\u1ec3u suy ngh\u0129 c\u1ee7a gia \u0111\u00ecnh h\u1ecd v\u1ec1 ch\u00ednh h\u1ecd v\u00e0 v\u1ec1 vai tr\u00f2 c\u1ee7a gia \u0111\u00ecnh h\u1ecd trong l\u1ecbch s\u1eed Vi\u1ec7t Nam. Vai tr\u00f2 \u0111\u00f3 ph\u1ee9c t\u1ea1p v\u00e0 ch\u1eafc ch\u1eafn g\u00e2y nhi\u1ec1u tranh c\u00e3i, nh\u01b0ng kh\u00f4ng ai c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u00e1nh gi\u00e1 th\u1ea5p t\u1ea7m quan tr\u1ecdng c\u1ee7a n\u00f3. D\u00f9 ch\u00fang ta \u0111\u1ed3ng \u00fd hay ph\u1ea3n \u0111\u1ed1i, gia \u0111\u00ecnh n\u00e0y c\u00f3 vai tr\u00f2 r\u1ea5t \u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t trong l\u1ecbch s\u1eed hi\u1ec7n \u0111\u1ea1i c\u1ee7a Vi\u1ec7t Nam v\u00ec n\u00f3 g\u1eafn li\u1ec1n v\u1edbi qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh chuy\u1ec3n \u0111\u1ed5i c\u1ee7a \u0111\u1ea5t n\u01b0\u1edbc t\u1eeb m\u1ed9t x\u1ee9 b\u1ea3o h\u1ed9 v\u00e0 thu\u1ed9c \u0111\u1ecba c\u1ee7a Ph\u00e1p sang m\u1ed9t qu\u1ed1c gia \u0111\u1ed9c l\u1eadp v\u00e0 b\u1ecb chia c\u1eaft. N\u00f3 \u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t b\u1edfi v\u00ec to\u00e0n b\u1ed9 gia \u0111\u00ecnh n\u00e0y th\u00f4ng qua T\u1ed5ng th\u1ed1ng Ng\u00f4-\u0110\u00ecnh Di\u1ec7m \u0111\u00e3 g\u00f3p ph\u1ea7n \u0111\u1ecbnh h\u00ecnh l\u1ecbch s\u1eed hi\u1ec7n \u0111\u1ea1i c\u1ee7a Vi\u1ec7t Nam b\u1eb1ng c\u00e1ch n\u00e0y hay c\u00e1ch kh\u00e1c. N\u00f3 \u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t b\u1edfi v\u00ec, ngo\u1ea1i tr\u1eeb tri\u1ec1u \u0111\u1ea1i nh\u00e0 Nguy\u1ec5n b\u1eaft \u0111\u1ea7u v\u1edbi Ho\u00e0ng \u0111\u1ebf Gia Long v\u00e0 k\u00e9o d\u00e0i \u0111\u1ebfn B\u1ea3o \u0110\u1ea1i, v\u1ecb ho\u00e0ng \u0111\u1ebf cu\u1ed1i c\u00f9ng, kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 gia \u0111\u00ecnh n\u00e0o kh\u00e1c trong th\u1eddi hi\u1ec7n \u0111\u1ea1i tham gia nhi\u1ec1u v\u00e0o ch\u00ednh tr\u1ecb v\u00e0 \u0111\u1eddi s\u1ed1ng qu\u1ed1c gia nh\u01b0 gia t\u1ed9c Ng\u00f4-\u0110\u00ecnh.\u00a0<\/p>\n

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Tr\u1ea3i qua hai th\u1ebf h\u1ec7, t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 c\u00e1c th\u00e0nh vi\u00ean nam v\u00e0 m\u1ed9t ng\u01b0\u1eddi n\u1eef trong gia \u0111\u00ecnh n\u00e0y \u0111\u1ec1u tham gia ch\u00ednh tr\u1ecb ho\u1eb7c ph\u1ee5c v\u1ee5 trong m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 ch\u1ee9c v\u1ee5 nh\u00e0 n\u01b0\u1edbc \u1edf c\u1ea5p r\u1ea5t cao: b\u1eaft \u0111\u1ea7u v\u1edbi Ng\u00f4-\u0110\u00ecnh Kh\u1ea3, m\u1ed9t v\u1ecb quan \u0111\u1ea1i th\u1ea7n trong tri\u1ec1u \u0111\u00ecnh nh\u00e0 Nguy\u1ec5n \u1edf Hu\u1ebf, ti\u1ebfp theo b\u1edfi c\u00e1c con trai c\u1ee7a \u00f4ng l\u00e0 Ng\u00f4-\u0110\u00ecnh Kh\u00f4i l\u00e0m T\u1ed5ng \u0111\u1ed1c; Ng\u00f4-\u0110\u00ecnh Th\u1ee5c l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t trong nh\u1eefng gi\u00e1m m\u1ee5c ng\u01b0\u1eddi Vi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ea7u ti\u00ean \u1edf \u0110\u00f4ng D\u01b0\u01a1ng thu\u1ed9c Ph\u00e1p v\u00e0 sau \u0111\u00f3 tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh T\u1ed5ng gi\u00e1m m\u1ee5c V\u0129nh Long v\u00e0 Hu\u1ebf; Ng\u00f4-\u0110\u00ecnh Di\u1ec7m t\u1eebng c\u00f3 th\u1eddi gian ng\u1eafn l\u00e0m quan Th\u01b0\u1ee3ng th\u01b0 trong tri\u1ec1u \u0111\u00ecnh nh\u00e0 Nguy\u1ec5n v\u00e0o n\u0103m 1933, l\u00e0m Th\u1ee7 t\u01b0\u1edbng n\u0103m 1954-1955, l\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi s\u00e1ng l\u1eadp Vi\u1ec7t Nam C\u1ed9ng h\u00f2a (VNCH) v\u00e0 l\u00e0 T\u1ed5ng th\u1ed1ng \u0111\u1ea7u ti\u00ean (1955-1963); Ng\u00f4-\u0110\u00ecnh Nhu, ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111i\u1ec1u h\u00e0nh V\u0103n Kh\u1ed1 v\u00e0 Th\u01b0 Vi\u1ec7n \u1edf H\u00e0 N\u1ed9i tr\u01b0\u1edbc khi tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh nh\u00e0 t\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c ch\u00ednh tr\u1ecb, c\u1ed1 v\u1ea5n cho T\u1ed5ng Th\u1ed1ng Di\u1ec7m, v\u00e0 l\u00e3nh \u0111\u1ea1o \u0110\u1ea3ng C\u00e1ch M\u1ea1ng C\u1ea7n Lao; Ng\u00f4-\u0110\u00ecnh C\u1ea9n, c\u1ed1 v\u1ea5n cho anh trai \u00f4ng, T\u1ed5ng th\u1ed1ng Di\u1ec7m, v\u1ec1 c\u00e1c v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 li\u00ean quan \u0111\u1ebfn mi\u1ec1n Trung Vi\u1ec7t Nam; v\u00e0 Ng\u00f4-\u0110\u00ecnh Luy\u1ec7n t\u1eebng l\u00e0 \u0110\u1ea1i s\u1ee9 c\u1ee7a VNCH. B\u00ean c\u1ea1nh nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u00e0n \u00f4ng, Tr\u1ea7n L\u1ec7 Xu\u00e2n, th\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 B\u00e0 Ng\u00f4-\u0110\u00ecnh Nhu, l\u00e0 \u0111\u1ea1i bi\u1ec3u Qu\u1ed1c h\u1ed9i Vi\u1ec7t Nam C\u1ed9ng h\u00f2a (1956-63), ng\u01b0\u1eddi s\u00e1ng l\u1eadp Phong tr\u00e0o Ph\u1ee5 n\u1eef Li\u00ean \u0111\u1edbi, v\u00e0 l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t \u201c\u0110\u1ec7 nh\u1ea5t phu nh\u00e2n\u201d kh\u00f4ng ch\u00ednh th\u1ee9c.\u00a0<\/p>\n

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Ch\u00fang ta kh\u00f4ng bi\u1ebft nhi\u1ec1u v\u1ec1 Ng\u00f4-\u0110\u00ecnh Kh\u00f4i v\u00e0 Ng\u00f4-\u0110\u00ecnh Luy\u1ec7n nh\u01b0 ta bi\u1ebft v\u1ec1 anh em c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd, nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi n\u1ed5i b\u1eadt nh\u1edd kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng v\u00e0 tham v\u1ecdng c\u00e1 nh\u00e2n: Ng\u00f4-\u0110\u00ecnh Th\u1ee5c \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u1ee5 phong linh m\u1ee5c v\u00e0 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c g\u1eedi \u0111i du h\u1ecdc \u1edf R\u00f4ma v\u00e0o cu\u1ed1i nh\u1eefng n\u0103m 1920, r\u1ed3i \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c b\u1ed5 nhi\u1ec7m l\u00e0m gi\u00e1m m\u1ee5c m\u1ed9t th\u1eadp k\u1ef7 sau. Ng\u00f4-\u0110\u00ecnh Di\u1ec7m \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c b\u1ed5 nhi\u1ec7m l\u00e0m Tu\u1ea7n ph\u1ee7 v\u00e0 n\u1ed5i ti\u1ebfng khi t\u1eeb ch\u1ee9c Th\u01b0\u1ee3ng th\u01b0 \u0111\u1ec3 ph\u1ea3n \u0111\u1ed1i vi\u1ec7c Ph\u00e1p kh\u00f4ng th\u00f4ng qua c\u00e1c c\u1ea3i c\u00e1ch ch\u00ednh tr\u1ecb. Ng\u00f4-\u0110\u00ecnh Nhu \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c nh\u1eadn v\u00e0o h\u1ecdc \u1edf Tr\u01b0\u1eddng Qu\u1ed1c gia Hi\u1ebfn ch\u01b0\u01a1ng [\u00c9cole Nationale des Chartes], m\u1ed9t tr\u01b0\u1eddng danh ti\u1ebfng \u1edf Ph\u00e1p, g\u00f3p ph\u1ea7n \u0111\u00e1ng k\u1ec3 v\u00e0o vi\u1ec7c b\u1ea3o t\u1ed3n v\u0103n b\u1ea3n c\u1ee7a tri\u1ec1u \u0111\u00ecnh nh\u00e0 Nguy\u1ec5n, sau \u0111\u00f3 t\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c v\u1eadn \u0111\u1ed9ng hi\u1ec7u qu\u1ea3 g\u00e2y c\u01a1 s\u1edf ch\u00ednh tr\u1ecb trong n\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111\u1ec3 anh trai c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u1ee7ng h\u1ed9 v\u00e0 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c b\u1ed5 nhi\u1ec7m l\u00e0m th\u1ee7 t\u01b0\u1edbng, v\u00e0 l\u00e0 chi\u1ebfn l\u01b0\u1ee3c gia [brain trust] c\u1ee7a ch\u00ednh quy\u1ec1n Ng\u00f4-\u0110\u00ecnh Di\u1ec7m. \u0110i ng\u01b0\u1ee3c v\u1edbi tr\u00e0o l\u01b0u x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i l\u00fac \u0111\u00f3 [swimming against the current], b\u00e0 Nhu b\u1ea3o tr\u1ee3 cho m\u1ed9t b\u1ed9 lu\u1eadt gia \u0111\u00ecnh ti\u1ebfn b\u1ed9 v\u00e0 d\u1ea5y l\u00ean m\u1ed9t cu\u1ed9c tranh lu\u1eadn to\u00e0n qu\u1ed1c v\u1ec1 n\u1eef quy\u1ec1n v\u00e0 c\u00e1c v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 gia \u0111\u00ecnh.\u00a0<\/p>\n

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B\u00e0 Nhu, hay Tr\u1ea7n L\u1ec7 Xu\u00e2n, c\u0169ng xu\u1ea5t th\u00e2n t\u1eeb m\u1ed9t gia \u0111\u00ecnh th\u01b0\u1ee3ng l\u01b0u. \u00d4ng n\u1ed9i c\u1ee7a b\u00e0 l\u00e0 Tr\u1ea7n V\u0103n Th\u00f4ng l\u00e0m T\u1ed5ng \u0111\u1ed1c Nam \u0110\u1ecbnh. Cha b\u00e0 l\u00e0 Tr\u1ea7n V\u0103n Ch\u01b0\u01a1ng, m\u1ed9t lu\u1eadt s\u01b0 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u00e0o t\u1ea1o t\u1ea1i Ph\u00e1p, ng\u01b0\u1eddi sau n\u00e0y tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh b\u1ed9 tr\u01b0\u1edfng b\u1ed9 ngo\u1ea1i giao trong ch\u00ednh ph\u1ee7 Tr\u1ea7n Tr\u1ecdng Kim (th\u00e1ng 4 \u0111\u1ebfn th\u00e1ng 8 n\u0103m 1945) v\u00e0 t\u1eebng l\u00e0 \u0111\u1ea1i s\u1ee9 VNCH t\u1ea1i Hoa K\u1ef3 d\u01b0\u1edbi th\u1eddi Ng\u00f4-\u0110\u00ecnh Di\u1ec7m (Ch\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u1eeb ch\u1ee9c v\u00e0o cu\u1ed1i n\u0103m 1963 \u0111\u1ec3 ph\u1ea3n \u0111\u1ed1i ch\u00ednh ph\u1ee7 Di\u1ec7m). Ch\u00fa c\u1ee7a b\u00e0 l\u00e0 Tr\u1ea7n V\u0103n \u0110\u1ed7, m\u1ed9t b\u00e1c s\u0129 y khoa, t\u1eebng hai l\u1ea7n l\u00e0m b\u1ed9 tr\u01b0\u1edfng ngo\u1ea1i giao v\u00e0o c\u00e1c n\u0103m 1954-55 v\u00e0 1965-67 d\u01b0\u1edbi ch\u00ednh quy\u1ec1n Ng\u00f4-\u0110\u00ecnh Di\u1ec7m v\u00e0 Nguy\u1ec5n Cao K\u1ef3, v\u00e0 l\u00e0 ph\u00f3 th\u1ee7 t\u01b0\u1edbng d\u01b0\u1edbi th\u1eddi th\u1ee7 t\u01b0\u1edbng Phan Huy Qu\u00e1t (1966). B\u00e0 ngo\u1ea1i c\u1ee7a L\u1ec7 Xu\u00e2n l\u00e0 \u00e1i n\u1eef c\u1ee7a vua \u0110\u1ed3ng Kh\u00e1nh. B\u00e0 l\u1ea5y \u00f4ng n\u1ed9i c\u1ee7a L\u1ec7 Xu\u00e2n l\u00e0 Th\u00e2n Tr\u1ecdng Hu\u1ec1, th\u01b0\u1ee3ng th\u01b0 tri\u1ec1u \u0111\u00ecnh Hu\u1ebf. M\u1eb9 b\u00e0, Th\u00e2n Th\u1ecb Nam Tr\u00e2n, t\u1eebng l\u00e0 \u0111\u1ea1i di\u1ec7n c\u1ee7a VNCH t\u1ea1i Li\u00ean Hi\u1ec7p Qu\u1ed1c v\u1edbi t\u01b0 c\u00e1ch quan s\u00e1t vi\u00ean.\u00a0<\/p>\n

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T\u1eeb b\u00e1o l\u00e1 c\u1ea3i \u0111\u1ebfn h\u1ed3i k\u00fd c\u1ee7a c\u1ef1u quan ch\u1ee9c v\u00e0 l\u1eddi k\u1ec3 c\u1ee7a nh\u00e0 b\u00e1o n\u01b0\u1edbc ngo\u00e0i, nhi\u1ec1u \u0111i\u1ec1u \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c vi\u1ebft v\u1ec1 ch\u00ednh quy\u1ec1n T\u1ed5ng th\u1ed1ng Di\u1ec7m v\u00e0 vai tr\u00f2 c\u1ee7a gia \u0111\u00ecnh \u00f4ng. Ch\u1ec9 g\u1ea7n \u0111\u00e2y th\u00f4i c\u00e1c nh\u00e0 s\u1eed h\u1ecdc M\u1ef9 m\u1edbi b\u1eaft \u0111\u1ea7u xem x\u00e9t quan \u0111i\u1ec3m v\u00e0 ch\u00ednh s\u00e1ch c\u1ee7a ch\u00ednh ph\u1ee7 Di\u1ec7m m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch nghi\u00eam t\u00fac v\u00e0 theo c\u00e1ch ri\u00eang c\u1ee7a n\u00f3, ch\u1ee9 kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i nh\u01b0 l\u00e0 s\u1ea3n ph\u1ea9m c\u1ee7a Ph\u00e1p hay M\u1ef9. Trong ph\u1ea1m vi h\u1ea1n ch\u1ebf c\u1ee7a b\u00e0i gi\u1edbi thi\u1ec7u n\u00e0y, ch\u00fang t\u00f4i s\u1ebd kh\u00f4ng th\u1ea3o lu\u1eadn v\u1ec1 c\u00e1c c\u00f4ng tr\u00ecnh s\u1eed h\u1ecdc m\u1edbi n\u00e0y. Ch\u1ec9 c\u1ea7n n\u00f3i r\u1eb1ng, nh\u1eefng c\u00f4ng tr\u00ecnh n\u00e0y soi s\u00e1ng nhi\u1ec1u kh\u00eda c\u1ea1nh ch\u00ednh tr\u1ecb c\u1ee7a n\u1ec1n \u0110\u1ec7 nh\u1ea5t C\u1ed9ng h\u00f2a d\u01b0\u1edbi th\u1eddi T\u1ed5ng th\u1ed1ng Di\u1ec7m, cho th\u1ea5y \u00f4ng l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t ng\u01b0\u1eddi c\u00f3 quan \u0111i\u1ec3m ch\u00ednh tr\u1ecb b\u1ea3o th\u1ee7 v\u1edbi tham v\u1ecdng hi\u1ec7n \u0111\u1ea1i h\u00f3a \u0111\u1ea5t n\u01b0\u1edbc c\u0169ng nh\u01b0 m\u1ed9t t\u1ea7m nh\u00ecn v\u00e0 phong c\u00e1ch cai tr\u1ecb ri\u00eang bi\u1ec7t. Ch\u00ednh ph\u1ee7 c\u1ee7a \u00f4ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u00e0nh l\u1eadp trong th\u1eddi k\u1ef3 h\u1ed7n lo\u1ea1n nh\u1ea5t c\u1ee7a l\u1ecbch s\u1eed hi\u1ec7n \u0111\u1ea1i Vi\u1ec7t Nam v\u00e0 \u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u00f4ng nh\u1eadn v\u00ec \u0111\u00e3 t\u1ea1o ra tr\u1eadt t\u1ef1 t\u1eeb h\u1ed7n lo\u1ea1n b\u1ea5t ch\u1ea5p m\u1ecdi kh\u00f3 kh\u0103n. Vi\u1ec7t Nam C\u1ed9ng h\u00f2a do \u00f4ng th\u00e0nh l\u1eadp l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t qu\u1ed1c gia non tr\u1ebb v\u1edbi ngu\u1ed3n l\u1ef1c h\u1ea1n ch\u1ebf, m\u1ed9t x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i c\u1ef1c k\u1ef3 \u0111a d\u1ea1ng v\u00e0 m\u1ed9t n\u1ec1n kinh t\u1ebf ph\u1ee5 thu\u1ed9c n\u01b0\u1edbc ngo\u00e0i v\u1edbi k\u1ef9 ngh\u1ec7 k\u00e9m ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n.\u00a0<\/p>\n

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Ch\u00ednh ph\u1ee7 VNCH tuy\u00ean b\u1ed1 c\u00f3 ch\u1ee7 quy\u1ec1n ho\u00e0n to\u00e0n \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi to\u00e0n b\u1ed9 Vi\u1ec7t Nam nh\u01b0ng mi\u1ec1n B\u1eafc n\u1eb1m d\u01b0\u1edbi s\u1ef1 cai tr\u1ecb c\u1ee7a ch\u00ednh ph\u1ee7 c\u1ed9ng s\u1ea3n v\u1edbi \u0111\u00f2i h\u1ecfi ch\u1ee7 quy\u1ec1n c\u0169ng tr\u00ean to\u00e0n th\u1ec3 l\u00e3nh th\u1ed5 Vi\u1ec7t Nam. VNCH \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u00e1c qu\u1ed1c gia thu\u1ed9c \u201cTh\u1ebf Gi\u1edbi T\u1ef1 Do,\u201d g\u1ed3m c\u00f3 Hoa K\u1ef3 v\u00e0 c\u00e1c \u0111\u1ed3ng minh c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd \u1edf \u00c2u, \u00c1, Phi, v\u00e0 M\u1ef9 c\u00f4ng nh\u1eadn. C\u1ed9ng s\u1ea3n B\u1eafc Vi\u1ec7t c\u00f3 v\u1ecb th\u1ebf qu\u1ed1c t\u1ebf y\u1ebfu h\u01a1n v\u00ec \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u00edt n\u01b0\u1edbc ngo\u00e0i c\u00f4ng nh\u1eadn h\u01a1n. Tuy nhi\u00ean, c\u1ea3 hai n\u01b0\u1edbc Vi\u1ec7t Nam \u0111\u1ec1u kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u00f4ng nh\u1eadn l\u00e0 th\u00e0nh vi\u00ean c\u1ee7a Li\u00ean Hi\u1ec7p Qu\u1ed1c v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ecba v\u1ecb qu\u1ed1c t\u1ebf c\u1ee7a c\u1ea3 hai \u0111\u1ec1u b\u1ecb h\u1ea1n ch\u1ebf. \u0110\u1ed1i v\u1edbi VNCH, m\u1ed9t ph\u1ea7n l\u00e3nh th\u1ed5 do h\u1ecd ki\u1ec3m so\u00e1t (\u1edf mi\u1ec1n Trung v\u00e0 m\u1ed9t ph\u1ea7n \u0111\u1ed3ng b\u1eb1ng s\u00f4ng C\u1eedu Long) t\u1eebng n\u1eb1m d\u01b0\u1edbi s\u1ef1 cai tr\u1ecb c\u1ee7a c\u1ed9ng s\u1ea3n trong cu\u1ed9c chi\u1ebfn tranh Ph\u00e1p-Vi\u1ec7t (1946-1954), v\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi d\u00e2n r\u1ea5t c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 kh\u00f4ng trung th\u00e0nh l\u1eafm \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi VNCH.\u00a0<\/p>\n

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V\u00e0i n\u0103m sau Hi\u1ec7p \u0111\u1ecbnh Gen\u00e8ve, \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c Trung Qu\u1ed1c v\u00e0 Li\u00ean X\u00f4 h\u1ed7 tr\u1ee3, B\u1eafc Vi\u1ec7t b\u1eaft \u0111\u1ea7u n\u1ed1i l\u1ea1i cu\u1ed9c chi\u1ebfn ch\u1ed1ng l\u1ea1i VNCH \u0111\u1ec3 th\u1ed1ng nh\u1ea5t \u0111\u1ea5t n\u01b0\u1edbc d\u01b0\u1edbi ch\u1ebf \u0111\u1ed9 c\u1ed9ng s\u1ea3n. H\u00e0 N\u1ed9i huy \u0111\u1ed9ng nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi kh\u00e1ng chi\u1ebfn c\u0169 \u1edf mi\u1ec1n Nam, c\u00f9ng v\u1edbi nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi tr\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111\u00f3 \u0111\u00e3 t\u1eadp k\u1ebft ra mi\u1ec1n B\u1eafc nh\u01b0ng gi\u1edd \u0111\u00e2y \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u01b0a tr\u1edf l\u1ea1i v\u1edbi v\u0169 kh\u00ed v\u00e0 tinh th\u1ea7n s\u1eb5n s\u00e0ng chi\u1ebfn \u0111\u1ea5u. V\u1edbi s\u1ef1 gi\u00fap \u0111\u1ee1 c\u1ee7a M\u1ef9, ch\u00ednh ph\u1ee7 Di\u1ec7m \u0111\u00e3 ng\u0103n ch\u1eb7n th\u00e0nh c\u00f4ng b\u01b0\u1edbc ti\u1ebfn c\u1ee7a c\u1ed9ng s\u1ea3n trong c\u00e1c n\u0103m 1957-58 v\u00e0 1960-61. T\u00ecnh h\u00ecnh qu\u00e2n s\u1ef1 v\u1eabn \u0111ang gi\u1eb1ng co v\u00e0o n\u0103m 1963. Tuy nhi\u00ean, ch\u00ednh ph\u1ee7 kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c l\u00f2ng m\u1ed9t b\u1ed9 ph\u1eadn nh\u1ea5t \u0111\u1ecbnh c\u1ee7a gi\u1edbi tinh hoa v\u00e0 d\u00e2n ch\u00fang, \u0111\u1ed3ng th\u1eddi kh\u00f4ng ch\u1ecbu khu\u1ea5t ph\u1ee5c tr\u01b0\u1edbc \u00e1p l\u1ef1c c\u1ea3i c\u00e1ch ch\u00ednh tr\u1ecb c\u1ee7a M\u1ef9. Gi\u1eefa l\u00fac c\u00e1c cu\u1ed9c bi\u1ec3u t\u00ecnh c\u1ee7a Ph\u1eadt t\u1eed lan r\u1ed9ng, T\u1ed5ng th\u1ed1ng Di\u1ec7m v\u00e0 \u00f4ng Nhu b\u1ecb \u00e1m s\u00e1t v\u00e0o ng\u00e0y 2 th\u00e1ng 11 n\u0103m 1963 trong m\u1ed9t cu\u1ed9c \u0111\u1ea3o ch\u00ednh qu\u00e2n s\u1ef1 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ch\u00ednh quy\u1ec1n Kennedy h\u1eadu thu\u1eabn. Tuy nhi\u00ean, cu\u1ed9c \u0111\u1ea3o ch\u00ednh \u0111\u00e3 d\u1eabn \u0111\u1ebfn b\u1ed1n n\u0103m h\u1ed7n lo\u1ea1n ch\u00ednh tr\u1ecb v\u00e0 x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i, l\u00e0m suy gi\u1ea3m nghi\u00eam tr\u1ecdng v\u1ecb th\u1ebf qu\u00e2n s\u1ef1 c\u1ee7a Nam Vi\u1ec7t Nam v\u00e0 d\u1eabn \u0111\u1ebfn vi\u1ec7c M\u1ef9 can thi\u1ec7p qu\u00e2n s\u1ef1 tr\u1ef1c ti\u1ebfp v\u00e0o Vi\u1ec7t Nam. \u0110\u00e2y c\u00f3 l\u1ebd l\u00e0 sai l\u1ea7m l\u1edbn nh\u1ea5t c\u1ee7a M\u1ef9 trong cu\u1ed9c chi\u1ebfn Vi\u1ec7t Nam, khi\u1ebfn VNCH m\u1ea5t \u0111i ch\u00ednh ngh\u0129a c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh trong m\u1eaft ng\u01b0\u1eddi d\u00e2n Vi\u1ec7t Nam v\u00e0 th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi.\u00a0<\/p>\n

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D\u00f9 ch\u1ebf \u0111\u1ed9 T\u1ed5ng th\u1ed1ng Di\u1ec7m b\u1ecb nhi\u1ec1u ng\u01b0\u1eddi cho l\u00e0 \u0111\u1ed9c t\u00e0i v\u00e0 gia \u0111\u00ecnh tr\u1ecb, c\u00e1c nh\u00e0 s\u1eed h\u1ecdc v\u00e0 b\u1ea5t k\u1ef3 ai quan t\u00e2m \u0111\u1ebfn l\u1ecbch s\u1eed Vi\u1ec7t Nam \u0111\u1ec1u mu\u1ed1n t\u00ecm hi\u1ec3u th\u00eam v\u1ec1 c\u00e1c th\u00e0nh vi\u00ean gia t\u1ed9c Ng\u00f4-\u0110\u00ecnh v\u00ec h\u1ecd \u0111\u00f3ng vai tr\u00f2 r\u1ea5t quan tr\u1ecdng trong ch\u00ednh ph\u1ee7 c\u1ee7a \u00f4ng. H\u1ecd ngh\u0129 g\u00ec v\u1ec1 m\u00ecnh, v\u1ec1 \u0111\u1ea5t n\u01b0\u1edbc v\u00e0 v\u1ec1 \u0111\u1ed3ng b\u00e0o? C\u00e1c th\u00e0nh vi\u00ean trong gia \u0111\u00ecnh ngh\u0129 g\u00ec v\u1ec1 nhau? H\u1ecd ngh\u0129 g\u00ec v\u1ec1 vai tr\u00f2 c\u1ee7a gia \u0111\u00ecnh h\u1ecd trong l\u1ecbch s\u1eed? \u0110i\u1ec1u g\u00ec \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0a h\u1ecd \u0111\u1ebfn g\u1ea7n nhau nh\u01b0 v\u1eady, v\u00e0 m\u1ed7i ng\u01b0\u1eddi c\u00f3 \u1ea3nh h\u01b0\u1edfng g\u00ec \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi T\u1ed5ng th\u1ed1ng? M\u1eb7c d\u00f9 \u0111\u00e3 c\u00f3 nhi\u1ec1u s\u00e1ch vi\u1ebft v\u1ec1 h\u1ecd, nh\u01b0ng \u0111\u00e2y l\u00e0 l\u1ea7n \u0111\u1ea7u ti\u00ean, sau s\u00e1u th\u1eadp k\u1ef7, \u0111\u1ed9c gi\u1ea3 ti\u1ebfng Anh v\u00e0 ti\u1ebfng Vi\u1ec7t c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ecdc nh\u1eefng suy ngh\u0129 c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd do kh\u00f4ng ai kh\u00e1c ngo\u00e0i ch\u00ednh h\u1ecd k\u1ec3 l\u1ea1i.\u00a0<\/p>\n

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Trong s\u00e1ch ch\u00fang ta c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 nghe b\u00e0 Ng\u00f4-\u0110\u00ecnh Nhu thu\u1eadt l\u1ea1i nh\u1eefng s\u1ef1 ki\u1ec7n quan tr\u1ecdng trong cu\u1ed9c \u0111\u1eddi b\u00e0, t\u1eeb th\u1eddi th\u01a1 \u1ea5u \u0111\u1ebfn cu\u1ed9c h\u00f4n nh\u00e2n v\u1edbi \u00f4ng Nhu, t\u1eeb th\u1eddi gian b\u00e0 \u1edf Hu\u1ebf trong cu\u1ed9c chi\u1ebfn tranh Ph\u00e1p-Vi\u1ec7t cho \u0111\u1ebfn nh\u1eefng n\u0103m h\u1ea1nh ph\u00fac c\u1ee7a ch\u00ednh quy\u1ec1n Di\u1ec7m, v\u00e0 t\u1eeb khi b\u00e0 b\u1ecb bu\u1ed9c ph\u1ea3i l\u01b0u \u0111\u00e0y cho \u0111\u1ebfn nh\u1eefng ng\u00e0y cu\u1ed1i \u0111\u1eddi. Ch\u00fang ta bi\u1ebft \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c cu\u1ed9c s\u1ed1ng c\u1ee7a b\u00e0 kh\u00f3 kh\u0103n nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf n\u00e0o \u1edf m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 th\u1eddi \u0111i\u1ec3m m\u1eb7c d\u00f9 xu\u1ea5t th\u00e2n t\u1eeb gia \u0111\u00ecnh quy\u1ec1n qu\u00fd; b\u00e0 ki\u00ean \u0111\u1ecbnh v\u1edbi ni\u1ec1m tin c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh \u0111\u1ebfn m\u1ee9c c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 cho l\u00e0 ngoan c\u1ed1; b\u00e0 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 h\u00e0nh \u0111\u1ed9ng m\u1ea1nh m\u1ebd nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf n\u00e0o khi T\u1ed5ng th\u1ed1ng v\u00e0 ch\u1ed3ng b\u00e0 thi\u1ebfu quy\u1ebft \u0111o\u00e1n; b\u00e0 trung th\u00e0nh v\u1edbi h\u1ecd v\u00e0 v\u1edbi \u0111\u1ea5t n\u01b0\u1edbc Vi\u1ec7t Nam nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf n\u00e0o; b\u00e0 o\u00e1n gi\u1eadn Ph\u00e1p v\u00e0 Hoa K\u1ef3 ra sao; v\u00e0 cu\u1ed9c s\u1ed1ng l\u01b0u vong c\u1ee7a b\u00e0 \u0111au kh\u1ed5 bi\u1ebft bao.\u00a0<\/p>\n

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Kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 c\u00e1c chi ti\u1ebft trong cu\u1ed1n h\u1ed3i k\u00fd \u0111\u1ec1u ch\u00ednh x\u00e1c v\u00e0 kh\u00e1ch quan, b\u00e0 c\u0169ng kh\u00f4ng k\u1ec3 cho ch\u00fang ta nghe t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 nh\u1eefng g\u00ec b\u00e0 bi\u1ebft ho\u1eb7c \u0111\u00e3 l\u00e0m, nh\u01b0ng t\u00ednh ch\u1ee7 quan ch\u00ednh l\u00e0 \u0111i\u1ec3m m\u1ea1nh c\u1ee7a cu\u1ed1n s\u00e1ch. Ch\u00fang ta kh\u00f4ng c\u1ea7n ph\u1ea3i tin b\u00e0 ho\u00e0n to\u00e0n, nh\u01b0ng gi\u1edd \u0111\u00e2y ch\u00fang ta c\u00f3 th\u00eam m\u1ed9t ngu\u1ed3n th\u00f4ng tin v\u00e0 quan \u0111i\u1ec3m c\u00e1 nh\u00e2n c\u1ee7a b\u00e0 \u0111\u1ec3 th\u00eam v\u00e0o c\u00e2u chuy\u1ec7n v\u1ec1 m\u1ed9t th\u1eddi k\u1ef3 s\u1ed1ng \u0111\u1ed9ng nh\u01b0ng bi th\u1ea3m c\u1ee7a l\u1ecbch s\u1eed hi\u1ec7n \u0111\u1ea1i Vi\u1ec7t Nam. Cu\u1ed1n h\u1ed3i k\u00fd c\u0169ng cho ch\u00fang ta c\u01a1 h\u1ed9i bi\u1ebft b\u00e0 v\u00e0 c\u00e1c con b\u00e0 \u0111\u00e3 s\u1ed1ng cu\u1ed9c s\u1ed1ng l\u01b0u vong nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf n\u00e0o. D\u1ec5 hi\u1ec3u khi h\u1ecd \u0111\u00e3 m\u1ea5t m\u1ed9t th\u1eddi gian d\u00e0i (hay kh\u00f4ng bao gi\u1edd) m\u1edbi ph\u1ee5c h\u1ed3i sau c\u00fa s\u1ed1c t\u1eeb c\u00e1i ch\u1ebft c\u1ee7a T\u1ed5ng th\u1ed1ng Di\u1ec7m v\u00e0 \u00f4ng Nhu, \u0111\u00f3 c\u00f3 l\u1ebd l\u00e0 l\u00fd do t\u1ea1i sao h\u1ecd tr\u00e1nh n\u00e9 xu\u1ea5t hi\u1ec7n tr\u01b0\u1edbc c\u00f4ng ch\u00fang. Tuy nhi\u00ean, h\u00e0nh \u0111\u1ed9ng trung th\u1ef1c v\u1edbi t\u00ednh c\u00e1ch c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd, c\u1ed9ng v\u1edbi l\u00f2ng can \u0111\u1ea3m \u0111\u1ec3 b\u1ea3o v\u1ec7 v\u00e0 gi\u1eef g\u00ecn danh d\u1ef1 v\u00e0 nh\u00e2n ph\u1ea9m c\u1ee7a gia \u0111\u00ecnh sau m\u1ed9t th\u1ea3m k\u1ecbch kh\u1ee7ng khi\u1ebfp nh\u01b0 v\u1eady, c\u0169ng \u0111\u00e3 truy\u1ec1n c\u1ea3m h\u1ee9ng cho s\u1ef1 t\u00f4n tr\u1ecdng v\u00e0 c\u1ea3m th\u00f4ng.\u00a0<\/p>\n

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B\u00e0i vi\u1ebft c\u1ee7a Ng\u00f4-\u0110\u00ecnh L\u1ec7 Quy\u00ean v\u00e0 Ng\u00f4-\u0110\u00ecnh Qu\u1ef3nh \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c bi\u00ean t\u1eadp b\u1edfi Jacqueline Willemetz \u0111\u01b0a ra quan \u0111i\u1ec3m c\u1ee7a th\u1ebf h\u1ec7 th\u1ee9 hai c\u1ee7a gia \u0111\u00ecnh Ng\u00f4-\u0110\u00ecnh v\u1ec1 vai tr\u00f2 c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd trong l\u1ecbch s\u1eed. B\u00e0 L\u1ec7 Quy\u00ean v\u00e0 \u00f4ng Qu\u1ef3nh kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i s\u1eed gia nh\u01b0ng h\u1ecd \u0111\u00e3 s\u1ed1ng qua nhi\u1ec1u ph\u1ea7n c\u1ee7a l\u1ecbch s\u1eed n\u00e0y v\u00e0 bi\u1ebft v\u1ec1 n\u00f3 nh\u1edd m\u1eb9 c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd v\u00e0 nh\u1edd nh\u1eefng t\u01b0 li\u1ec7u, t\u00e0i li\u1ec7u v\u00e0 h\u00ecnh \u1ea3nh c\u00f2n s\u00f3t l\u1ea1i. B\u00e0i vi\u1ebft c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd c\u00f3 m\u1ee5c \u0111\u00edch b\u1ea3o v\u1ec7 s\u1ef1 li\u00eam ch\u00ednh c\u1ee7a ch\u00ednh ph\u1ee7 Di\u1ec7m v\u00e0 gia \u0111\u00ecnh \u00f4ng tr\u01b0\u1edbc nh\u1eefng l\u1eddi ch\u1ec9 tr\u00edch. B\u1eb1ng vi\u1ec7c k\u1ec3 l\u1ea1i l\u1ecbch s\u1eed c\u1ee7a d\u00f2ng h\u1ecd Ng\u00f4-\u0110\u00ecnh song song v\u1edbi l\u1ecbch s\u1eed c\u1ee7a d\u00e2n t\u1ed9c Vi\u1ec7t Nam, h\u1ecd mu\u1ed1n th\u1ec3 hi\u1ec7n t\u1ea5m l\u00f2ng y\u00eau n\u01b0\u1edbc ch\u00e2n th\u00e0nh v\u00e0 s\u00e2u s\u1eafc trong gia t\u1ed9c. Nh\u00ecn chung, h\u1ecd kh\u00f4ng sai: ngay c\u1ea3 nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi ch\u1ec9 tr\u00edch ch\u00ednh ph\u1ee7 Di\u1ec7m c\u0169ng th\u1eeba nh\u1eadn r\u1eb1ng \u00f4ng Di\u1ec7m l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t ng\u01b0\u1eddi y\u00eau n\u01b0\u1edbc ch\u00e2n ch\u00ednh v\u00e0 li\u00eam khi\u1ebft. C\u00e1c th\u00e0nh vi\u00ean c\u1ee7a gia \u0111\u00ecnh Ng\u00f4-\u0110\u00ecnh, bao g\u1ed3m c\u1ea3 T\u1ed5ng th\u1ed1ng, ch\u1eafc ch\u1eafn \u0111\u00e3 ph\u1ea1m nhi\u1ec1u sai l\u1ea7m, nh\u01b0ng \u00edt ai nghi ng\u1edd l\u00f2ng y\u00eau n\u01b0\u1edbc c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd, v\u00e0 nhi\u1ec1u ng\u01b0\u1eddi s\u1ebd n\u00f3i r\u1eb1ng T\u1ed5ng th\u1ed1ng l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t nh\u00e0 l\u00e3nh \u0111\u1ea1o gi\u1ecfi so v\u1edbi nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi ti\u1ec1n nhi\u1ec7m v\u00e0 k\u1ebf nhi\u1ec7m c\u1ee7a \u00f4ng. Ch\u1eafc ch\u1eafn \u00f4ng ta c\u00f3 h\u1ecdc th\u1ee9c v\u00e0 \u0111\u1eddi s\u1ed1ng tinh th\u1ea7n phong ph\u00fa h\u01a1n nhi\u1ec1u so v\u1edbi nh\u00f3m l\u00e3nh \u0111\u1ea1o c\u1ed9ng s\u1ea3n \u1edf H\u00e0 N\u1ed9i.\u00a0<\/p>\n

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Nh\u01b0ng m\u1ee5c \u0111\u00edch c\u1ee7a ch\u00fang t\u00f4i \u1edf \u0111\u00e2y kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0 b\u00eanh v\u1ef1c gia \u0111\u00ecnh Ng\u00f4-\u0110\u00ecnh hay ch\u1ebf \u0111\u1ed9 Di\u1ec7m. Khi ch\u1ee7 tr\u00ec vi\u1ec7c d\u1ecbch thu\u1eadt v\u00e0 xu\u1ea5t b\u1ea3n cu\u1ed1n s\u00e1ch n\u00e0y, ch\u00fang t\u00f4i ch\u1ec9 nh\u1eb1m m\u1ee5c \u0111\u00edch t\u1ea1o ra s\u1ef1 quan t\u00e2m v\u00e0 khu\u1ebfch tr\u01b0\u01a1ng hi\u1ec3u bi\u1ebft v\u1ec1 l\u1ecbch s\u1eed Vi\u1ec7t Nam C\u1ed9ng h\u00f2a. Ch\u1ebf \u0111\u1ed9 c\u1ed9ng s\u1ea3n \u0111\u00e3 v\u00f9i d\u1eadp l\u1ecbch s\u1eed n\u00e0y m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch t\u00e0n b\u1ea1o k\u1ec3 t\u1eeb n\u0103m 1975, nh\u01b0ng ch\u00fang ta c\u1ea7n n\u00f3 \u0111\u1ec3 hi\u1ec3u s\u00e2u s\u1eafc v\u1ec1 Vi\u1ec7t Nam hi\u1ec7n \u0111\u1ea1i. V\u1edbi t\u01b0 c\u00e1ch l\u00e0 bi\u00ean t\u1eadp vi\u00ean, t\u00f4i c\u1ed1 g\u1eafng gi\u1eef b\u1ea3n d\u1ecbch \u0111\u00fang v\u1edbi b\u1ea3n g\u1ed1c v\u00e0 ch\u1ec9nh s\u1eeda r\u1ea5t nh\u1eb9 nh\u00e0ng v\u1edbi hy v\u1ecdng \u0111\u1ed9c gi\u1ea3 s\u1ebd \u0111\u1ecdc v\u00e0 \u0111\u01b0a ra quan \u0111i\u1ec3m ri\u00eang v\u1ec1 t\u00e1c gi\u1ea3 v\u00e0 c\u00e2u chuy\u1ec7n c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd.\u00a0<\/p>\n

<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

S\u00e1ch\u00a0c\u00f3 b\u00e1n\u00a0online\u00a0(b\u1ea5m v\u00e0o\u00a0link\u00a0d\u01b0\u1edbi \u0111\u00e2y \u0111\u1ec3 mua):\u00a0Amazon, Lulu L\u1edcI T\u1ef0A\u00a0 V\u0169\u00a0T\u01b0\u1eddng\u00a0 Trung\u00a0t\u00e2m\u00a0Nghi\u00ean\u00a0c\u1ee9u\u00a0Vi\u1ec7t-M\u1ef9,\u00a0\u0110\u1ea1i\u00a0h\u1ecdc\u00a0Oregon\u00a0 Trung t\u00e2m Nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u Vi\u1ec7t-M\u1ef9 h\u00e2n h\u1ea1nh ch\u1ee7 tr\u00ec vi\u1ec7c d\u1ecbch thu\u1eadt t\u1eeb ti\u1ebfng Ph\u00e1p v\u00e0 \u1ea5n h\u00e0nh di c\u1ea3o \u201cVi\u00ean S\u1ecfi Tr\u1eafng\u201d c\u1ee7a b\u00e0 Ng\u00f4-\u0110\u00ecnh Nhu (nh\u0169 danh Tr\u1ea7n L\u1ec7 Xu\u00e2n), \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c vi\u1ebft v\u00e0o nh\u1eefng n\u0103m cu\u1ed1i \u0111\u1eddi c\u1ee7a b\u00e0. K\u00e8m theo cu\u1ed1n […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":4,"featured_media":15016,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[65],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-15015","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-publications"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/usvietnamcenter.uoregon.edu\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/15015","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/usvietnamcenter.uoregon.edu\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/usvietnamcenter.uoregon.edu\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/usvietnamcenter.uoregon.edu\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/4"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/usvietnamcenter.uoregon.edu\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=15015"}],"version-history":[{"count":7,"href":"https:\/\/usvietnamcenter.uoregon.edu\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/15015\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":15085,"href":"https:\/\/usvietnamcenter.uoregon.edu\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/15015\/revisions\/15085"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/usvietnamcenter.uoregon.edu\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/15016"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/usvietnamcenter.uoregon.edu\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=15015"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/usvietnamcenter.uoregon.edu\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=15015"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/usvietnamcenter.uoregon.edu\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=15015"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}