{"id":889,"date":"2017-02-07T19:23:27","date_gmt":"2017-02-07T19:23:27","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/casls-vm1.uoregon.edu\/games2teach\/?p=889"},"modified":"2020-07-02T17:31:29","modified_gmt":"2020-07-02T17:31:29","slug":"board-games-core-game-based-language-learning-methodology-kotoba-rollers","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/games2teach.uoregon.edu\/2017\/02\/07\/board-games-core-game-based-language-learning-methodology-kotoba-rollers\/","title":{"rendered":"Board games at the core of a game-based language learning methodology: Kotoba Rollers"},"content":{"rendered":"<div><\/div>\n<div>\n<p><em>By James York, assistant professor at Tokyo Denki University<\/em><\/p>\n<p>In this post, I will be unrolling (pun intended) a framework that I have been working on for the past year. The framework took many twists and turns, which can be read about further on my own blog <a href=\"http:\/\/blog.kotobaminers.org\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer nofollow noopener\">here<\/a>, but this post is a description of the framework in its current form. I do not think this is the final form, but it is still very usable in its current state in a number of contexts, particularly low-level EFL contexts such as my own.<\/p>\n<h2><span class=\" author-d-4z65zz66zl57z75zyiz66zfr2fz87zwz89znujeko9kwz70zvtkiz65zlkz68zez70zz90zz75z68hn11z71zvxr\"><s>D<\/s><\/span><span class=\" author-d-4z65zz66zl57z75zyiz66zfr2fz87zwz89znujeko9kwz70zvtkiz65zlkz68zez70zz90zz75z68hn11z71zvxr\">GBLL<\/span><\/h2>\n<p>As the title suggests, I am deeply interested in <s>Digital<\/s> Game-Based Language Learning (<s>D<\/s>GBLL) and how it may be applied to classroom learning. Why the dropped D though? Board games (or analog games, as they are often referred to) have very unique affordances for language learning in my opinion, and the structure of a board game play session matches the concepts of TBLT much closer than with video games. However, this post is not designed to be a deeply academic romp into the similarities between gameplay and TBLT methodology. For an overview, see the excellent paper by Julie Sykes (2014).<\/p>\n<p>I should mention why the acronym <a href=\"https:\/\/scholar.google.com\/scholar?q=DGBLL+game+based&amp;btnG=&amp;hl=en&amp;as_sdt=0%2C5\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer nofollow noopener\">DGBLL<\/a> exists and not GBLL (<a href=\"https:\/\/scholar.google.com\/scholar?q=GBLL+game+based&amp;btnG=&amp;hl=en&amp;as_sdt=0%2C5\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer nofollow noopener\">as far as I know at least<\/a>).<\/p>\n<p>Ben Pearson also wrote about this <a href=\"https:\/\/games2teach.uoregon.edu\/2016\/12\/01\/digital-vs-analog-value-divergent-game-types\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer nofollow noopener\">on the blog here<\/a>. CALL is a firmly established and extremely innovate field, and of course, as a part of that field there are those interested in exploring the affordances of digital games and virtual worlds for second language development. Video games have become such a large subject of research in CALL that the acronym DGBLL arose in accordance. Indeed, Pearson writes about this succinctly:<\/p>\n<p style=\"padding-left: 30px\"><em>In the relatively new field of game studies, digital games have attracted the most attention of researchers and scholars. While technology continued to improve, so did the acceptance of digital games as a viable medium for interactive storytelling and artistic expression. In today\u2019s world, most people walk around with mobile devices that play games that look about as good as they did on game consoles a few years ago. As such, digital games have become much more pervasive in society and it is much easier to see them as legitimate fields of study. The problem is that while digital games garner so much attention in game studies as a field of scholarship, very little work has been done on analog games in comparison.<\/em><\/p>\n<p><span class=\" author-d-4z65zz66zl57z75zyiz66zfr2fz87zwz89znujeko9kwz70zvtkiz65zlkz68zez70zz90zz75z68hn11z71zvxr\">I think it is the dearth in research regarding board games that inspires scholars like Pearson and myself. Additionally, the renaissance of board games is very <\/span><span class=\" author-d-4z65zz66zl57z75zyiz66zfr2fz87zwz89znujeko9kwz70zvtkiz65zlkz68zez70zz90zz75z68hn11z71zvxr\"><i>very <\/i><\/span><span class=\" author-d-4z65zz66zl57z75zyiz66zfr2fz87zwz89znujeko9kwz70zvtkiz65zlkz68zez70zz90zz75z68hn11z71zvxr\">real. Board game funding figures have also overtaken those of video games on the popular crowdsourcing website <a href=\"https:\/\/www.kickstarter.com\/\">Kickstarter<\/a>. Yet, despite their increasing popularity, there is little research on the use of board games as a teaching tool in educational, let alone language-learning contexts.<\/span><\/p>\n<p>So, without further ado, let me introduce the framework I have been using to promote English communicative competence in a low level EFL context here in Japan.<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><span class=\" author-d-4z65zz66zl57z75zyiz66zfr2fz87zwz89znujeko9kwz70zvtkiz65zlkz68zez70zz90zz75z68hn11z71zvxr\"><b>Why communicative competence?<\/b><\/span><span class=\" author-d-4z65zz66zl57z75zyiz66zfr2fz87zwz89znujeko9kwz70zvtkiz65zlkz68zez70zz90zz75z68hn11z71zvxr\"> \u2014 This is a skill that is sorely lacking in my context.\u00a0<\/span><\/li>\n<li><span class=\" author-d-4z65zz66zl57z75zyiz66zfr2fz87zwz89znujeko9kwz70zvtkiz65zlkz68zez70zz90zz75z68hn11z71zvxr\"><b>Why not specific skills per game?<\/b><\/span><span class=\" author-d-4z65zz66zl57z75zyiz66zfr2fz87zwz89znujeko9kwz70zvtkiz65zlkz68zez70zz90zz75z68hn11z71zvxr\"> \u2014 I prescribe to learner-centered learning. This comes mainly from my own experiences as a language learner. Yes, I can create an activity to push learners to notice certain grammar points or lexical items, but what if they don\u2019t notice, or what if they noticed something different which has more relevance to them at their current stage of development?<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/div>\n<div>\n<h2><span class=\" author-d-4z65zz66zl57z75zyiz66zfr2fz87zwz89znujeko9kwz70zvtkiz65zlkz68zez70zz90zz75z68hn11z71zvxr\">The framework<\/span><\/h2>\n<p>The framework is derived of six parts. The following subsections of this post will explain each of them in detail. Each part is considered to last a full 90 minute class period.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<ol class=\"listtype-number listindent1 list-number1\" start=\"1\">\n<li><span class=\" author-d-4z65zz66zl57z75zyiz66zfr2fz87zwz89znujeko9kwz70zvtkiz65zlkz68zez70zz90zz75z68hn11z71zvxr\">Learn the rules<\/span><\/li>\n<li><span class=\" author-d-4z65zz66zl57z75zyiz66zfr2fz87zwz89znujeko9kwz70zvtkiz65zlkz68zez70zz90zz75z68hn11z71zvxr\">Play<\/span><\/li>\n<li><span class=\" author-d-4z65zz66zl57z75zyiz66zfr2fz87zwz89znujeko9kwz70zvtkiz65zlkz68zez70zz90zz75z68hn11z71zvxr\">Analyse a transcription of gameplay discourse<\/span><\/li>\n<li><span class=\" author-d-4z65zz66zl57z75zyiz66zfr2fz87zwz89znujeko9kwz70zvtkiz65zlkz68zez70zz90zz75z68hn11z71zvxr\">Play again<\/span><\/li>\n<li><span class=\" author-d-4z65zz66zl57z75zyiz66zfr2fz87zwz89znujeko9kwz70zvtkiz65zlkz68zez70zz90zz75z68hn11z71zvxr\">Analyse gameplay discourse and compare with previous play session<\/span><\/li>\n<li><span class=\" author-d-4z65zz66zl57z75zyiz66zfr2fz87zwz89znujeko9kwz70zvtkiz65zlkz68zez70zz90zz75z68hn11z71zvxr\">Complete a final project reflecting on the experience<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<div>\n<h1><span class=\" author-d-4z65zz66zl57z75zyiz66zfr2fz87zwz89znujeko9kwz70zvtkiz65zlkz68zez70zz90zz75z68hn11z71zvxr\">Part 1: Learn the rules<\/span><\/h1>\n<p>Rulebooks introduce key concepts, vocabulary, and grammatical structures that will be encountered during gameplay. Thus, students are provided with a huge volume of input before the active gameplay stage (i.e. reading and listening skills targeted before speaking). From a TBLT perspective, then, the rulebook acts as a priming tool for students to become familiar with relevant vocabulary and grammar before play. As well as reading the rulebook, students are prompted to watch \u201cHow to play\u201d and \u201cGameplay<span class=\" author-d-iz88z86z86za0dz67zz78zz78zz74zz68zjz80zz71z9iz90z9z84zmwnz68ziwz71zz122zz68ziz88zz75zz89zhz90ziez83zz79zz71zrz72zz69zz81zkz83zov3\">\u201d<\/span><span class=\" author-d-4z65zz66zl57z75zyiz66zfr2fz87zwz89znujeko9kwz70zvtkiz65zlkz68zez70zz90zz75z68hn11z71zvxr\"> YouTube videos to further the amount of input they receive. During this phase then, students are not only learning how to play the game, they are equipping themselves with vocabulary, grammar and keywords to play.<\/span><\/p>\n<p>After learning how to play the game, students then get all the pieces out and play for 5 &#8211; 10 minutes. In my context, as the game is new and unfamiliar, this is usually done mostly in the L1. However, this stage is also an important learning activity. There is a disparity between the words and grammar found in the rulebook and what is said during gameplay (see Masuda &amp; deHaan, 2015), and so the gameplay session offers students the opportunity to notice what words are needed.<\/p>\n<p><b>In summary<\/b><\/p>\n<p>The first class is designed for students to learn<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<ol class=\"listtype-number listindent1 list-number1\" start=\"1\">\n<li><span class=\" author-d-4z65zz66zl57z75zyiz66zfr2fz87zwz89znujeko9kwz70zvtkiz65zlkz68zez70zz90zz75z68hn11z71zvxr\">How to play the game<\/span><\/li>\n<li><span class=\" author-d-4z65zz66zl57z75zyiz66zfr2fz87zwz89znujeko9kwz70zvtkiz65zlkz68zez70zz90zz75z68hn11z71zvxr\">What words and phrases are common in the rulebook<\/span><\/li>\n<li><span class=\" author-d-4z65zz66zl57z75zyiz66zfr2fz87zwz89znujeko9kwz70zvtkiz65zlkz68zez70zz90zz75z68hn11z71zvxr\">What words and phrases are actually used to play the game<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<p>I provide a worksheet to students so they can keep a note of any new words or phrases that they noticed. The worksheet can then be referenced during gameplay the following week.<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p><strong><span class=\" author-d-4z65zz66zl57z75zyiz66zfr2fz87zwz89znujeko9kwz70zvtkiz65zlkz68zez70zz90zz75z68hn11z71zvxr\">From the rulebook:<\/span><\/strong><\/p>\n<div>\n<table style=\"height: 102px;border-collapse: collapse;border: 1px solid black\" width=\"640\">\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"border-collapse: collapse;border: 1px solid black\">\n<div class=\"ace-line gutter-author-d-4z65zz66zl57z75zyiz66zfr2fz87zwz89znujeko9kwz70zvtkiz65zlkz68zez70zz90zz75z68hn11z71zvxr ace-ltr\" dir=\"auto\"><span class=\"ace-all-bold-hthree\"><span class=\" author-d-4z65zz66zl57z75zyiz66zfr2fz87zwz89znujeko9kwz70zvtkiz65zlkz68zez70zz90zz75z68hn11z71zvxr\"><b>\u00a0New words, phrases, or grammar<\/b><\/span><\/span><\/div>\n<\/td>\n<td style=\"border-collapse: collapse;border: 1px solid black\">\n<div class=\"ace-line gutter-author-d-4z65zz66zl57z75zyiz66zfr2fz87zwz89znujeko9kwz70zvtkiz65zlkz68zez70zz90zz75z68hn11z71zvxr ace-ltr\" dir=\"auto\"><span class=\"ace-all-bold-hthree\"><span class=\" author-d-4z65zz66zl57z75zyiz66zfr2fz87zwz89znujeko9kwz70zvtkiz65zlkz68zez70zz90zz75z68hn11z71zvxr\"><b>\u00a0Japanese translation<\/b><\/span><\/span><\/div>\n<\/td>\n<td style=\"border-collapse: collapse;border: 1px solid black\">\n<div class=\"ace-line gutter-author-d-4z65zz66zl57z75zyiz66zfr2fz87zwz89znujeko9kwz70zvtkiz65zlkz68zez70zz90zz75z68hn11z71zvxr ace-ltr\" dir=\"auto\"><span class=\"ace-all-bold-hthree\"><span class=\" author-d-4z65zz66zl57z75zyiz66zfr2fz87zwz89znujeko9kwz70zvtkiz65zlkz68zez70zz90zz75z68hn11z71zvxr\"><b>\u00a0Example usage sentence<\/b><\/span><\/span><\/div>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"border-collapse: collapse;border: 1px solid black\">\u00a0<span style=\"color: #ffffff\">a<\/span><\/td>\n<td style=\"border-collapse: collapse;border: 1px solid black\">\u00a0<span style=\"color: #ffffff\">a<\/span><\/td>\n<td style=\"border-collapse: collapse;border: 1px solid black\">\u00a0<span style=\"color: #ffffff\">a<\/span><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"border-collapse: collapse;border: 1px solid black\">\u00a0<span style=\"color: #ffffff\">a<\/span><\/td>\n<td style=\"border-collapse: collapse;border: 1px solid black\">\u00a0<span style=\"color: #ffffff\">a<\/span><\/td>\n<td style=\"border-collapse: collapse;border: 1px solid black\"><span style=\"color: #ffffff\">\u00a0a<\/span><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p><strong>From playing the game:<\/strong><\/p>\n<\/div>\n<div>\n<table>\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"border-collapse: collapse;border: 1px solid black\">\n<div class=\"ace-line gutter-author-d-4z65zz66zl57z75zyiz66zfr2fz87zwz89znujeko9kwz70zvtkiz65zlkz68zez70zz90zz75z68hn11z71zvxr ace-ltr\" dir=\"auto\"><span class=\"ace-all-bold-hthree\"><span class=\" author-d-4z65zz66zl57z75zyiz66zfr2fz87zwz89znujeko9kwz70zvtkiz65zlkz68zez70zz90zz75z68hn11z71zvxr\"><b>\u00a0Example sentence<\/b><\/span><\/span><\/div>\n<\/td>\n<td style=\"border-collapse: collapse;border: 1px solid black\">\n<div class=\"ace-line gutter-author-d-4z65zz66zl57z75zyiz66zfr2fz87zwz89znujeko9kwz70zvtkiz65zlkz68zez70zz90zz75z68hn11z71zvxr ace-ltr\" dir=\"auto\"><span class=\"ace-all-bold-hthree\"><span class=\" author-d-4z65zz66zl57z75zyiz66zfr2fz87zwz89znujeko9kwz70zvtkiz65zlkz68zez70zz90zz75z68hn11z71zvxr\"><b>\u00a0Japanese translation<\/b><\/span><\/span><\/div>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"border-collapse: collapse;border: 1px solid black\">\u00a0<span style=\"color: #ffffff\">a<\/span><\/td>\n<td style=\"border-collapse: collapse;border: 1px solid black\"><span style=\"color: #ffffff\">\u00a0a<\/span><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"border-collapse: collapse;border: 1px solid black\"><span style=\"color: #ffffff\">\u00a0a<\/span><\/td>\n<td style=\"border-collapse: collapse;border: 1px solid black\"><span style=\"color: #ffffff\">\u00a0a<\/span><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<h1>Part 2: Gameplay<\/h1>\n<\/div>\n<div>\n<p>The following class is very straight forward. Students come in, get into groups, set up the game and play. Before playing however, they are reminded to record the audio of their play session. All students must do this.<\/p>\n<p>After playing through the game, they reflect on what happened (usually in the L1), and decide how they will transcribe the gameplay audio. Generally, students divide the audio up into equal amounts so that they all have specific sections of equal length to transcribe. Transcription is then completed as homework to be done for the next class. The transcription should be verbatim, including all of the L2 and L1 utterances.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<div>\n<h1><span class=\" author-d-4z65zz66zl57z75zyiz66zfr2fz87zwz89znujeko9kwz70zvtkiz65zlkz68zez70zz90zz75z68hn11z71zvxr\">Part 3: Transcription Analysis (1)<\/span><\/h1>\n<p>First of all I should answer the question: \u201c<span class=\" author-d-4z65zz66zl57z75zyiz66zfr2fz87zwz89znujeko9kwz70zvtkiz65zlkz68zez70zz90zz75z68hn11z71zvxr\"><b>Why get them to transcribe their gameplay audio?\u201d<\/b><\/span><span class=\" author-d-4z65zz66zl57z75zyiz66zfr2fz87zwz89znujeko9kwz70zvtkiz65zlkz68zez70zz90zz75z68hn11z71zvxr\">\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n<p>Well, without going too deep into the literature on self-transcription (for those interested, see Mennim, 2012), it is safe to say that during gameplay students are very limited cognitively. They are concentrating on the game and what is occurring in real-time. Thus, they often do not have the cognitive capacity to focus on what they are saying as much as they like. Essentially, noticing errors and L1 usage are given low priority and fluency (meaning negotiation) high priority, taking up the majority of their cognitive capacity. (On a side note, this is often true of tasks in TBLT in general. Accuracy is thus prescribed to a post-task phase).<\/p>\n<p>In the third class then, students look at what was said during game play and do the following:<\/p>\n<ol>\n<li>Correct any L2 mistakes<\/li>\n<li><span class=\" author-d-4z65zz66zl57z75zyiz66zfr2fz87zwz89znujeko9kwz70zvtkiz65zlkz68zez70zz90zz75z68hn11z71zvxr\">Translate L1 utterances into the L2<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<p>From doing this activity, students should notice what mistakes are common, what grammar they need to play the game using more of the L2, how much they use the L1 and in what instances they use the L1.<\/p>\n<p><span class=\" author-d-4z65zz66zl57z75zyiz66zfr2fz87zwz89znujeko9kwz70zvtkiz65zlkz68zez70zz90zz75z68hn11z71zvxr\">After that, they are instructed to complete appropriate grammar exercises from <\/span><span class=\"attrlink url author-d-4z65zz66zl57z75zyiz66zfr2fz87zwz89znujeko9kwz70zvtkiz65zlkz68zez70zz90zz75z68hn11z71zvxr\"><a class=\"attrlink\" href=\"http:\/\/www.cambridge.org\/jp\/cambridgeenglish\/catalog\/grammar-vocabulary-and-pronunciation\/english-grammar-use-4th-edition\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer nofollow noopener\">English Grammar in Use<\/a><\/span><span class=\" author-d-4z65zz66zl57z75zyiz66zfr2fz87zwz89znujeko9kwz70zvtkiz65zlkz68zez70zz90zz75z68hn11z71zvxr\"> (Cambridge) in order to better their understanding regarding the grammar that they picked out as useful for gameplay.\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n<p>A worksheet is again provided for students to keep a record of what they discovered.<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p>First, they write what English grammar they think is useful for playing the game.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<div>\n<table>\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"border-collapse: collapse;border: 1px solid black\">\n<div class=\"ace-line gutter-author-d-4z65zz66zl57z75zyiz66zfr2fz87zwz89znujeko9kwz70zvtkiz65zlkz68zez70zz90zz75z68hn11z71zvxr ace-ltr\" dir=\"auto\"><span class=\"ace-all-bold-hthree\"><span class=\" author-d-4z65zz66zl57z75zyiz66zfr2fz87zwz89znujeko9kwz70zvtkiz65zlkz68zez70zz90zz75z68hn11z71zvxr\"><b>\u00a0Grammar point<\/b><\/span><\/span><\/div>\n<\/td>\n<td style=\"border-collapse: collapse;border: 1px solid black\">\n<div class=\"ace-line gutter-author-d-4z65zz66zl57z75zyiz66zfr2fz87zwz89znujeko9kwz70zvtkiz65zlkz68zez70zz90zz75z68hn11z71zvxr ace-ltr\" dir=\"auto\"><span class=\"ace-all-bold-hthree\"><span class=\" author-d-4z65zz66zl57z75zyiz66zfr2fz87zwz89znujeko9kwz70zvtkiz65zlkz68zez70zz90zz75z68hn11z71zvxr\"><b>\u00a0Example<\/b><\/span><\/span><\/div>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"border-collapse: collapse;border: 1px solid black\">\n<div class=\"ace-line gutter-author-d-4z65zz66zl57z75zyiz66zfr2fz87zwz89znujeko9kwz70zvtkiz65zlkz68zez70zz90zz75z68hn11z71zvxr ace-ltr\" dir=\"auto\"><span class=\" author-d-4z65zz66zl57z75zyiz66zfr2fz87zwz89znujeko9kwz70zvtkiz65zlkz68zez70zz90zz75z68hn11z71zvxr\"><i>\u00a0&lt;person&gt; should &lt;verb&gt;<\/i><\/span><\/div>\n<\/td>\n<td style=\"border-collapse: collapse;border: 1px solid black\">\n<div class=\"ace-line gutter-author-d-4z65zz66zl57z75zyiz66zfr2fz87zwz89znujeko9kwz70zvtkiz65zlkz68zez70zz90zz75z68hn11z71zvxr ace-ltr\" dir=\"auto\"><span class=\" author-d-4z65zz66zl57z75zyiz66zfr2fz87zwz89znujeko9kwz70zvtkiz65zlkz68zez70zz90zz75z68hn11z71zvxr\"><i>\u00a0You should <\/i><\/span><span class=\" author-d-4z65zz66zl57z75zyiz66zfr2fz87zwz89znujeko9kwz70zvtkiz65zlkz68zez70zz90zz75z68hn11z71zvxr\"><i><u>collect<\/u><\/i><\/span><span class=\" author-d-4z65zz66zl57z75zyiz66zfr2fz87zwz89znujeko9kwz70zvtkiz65zlkz68zez70zz90zz75z68hn11z71zvxr\"><i> the red cards<\/i><\/span><\/div>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"border-collapse: collapse;border: 1px solid black\">\u00a0<span style=\"color: #ffffff\">a<\/span><\/td>\n<td style=\"border-collapse: collapse;border: 1px solid black\"><span style=\"color: #ffffff\">\u00a0a<\/span><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"border-collapse: collapse;border: 1px solid black\"><span style=\"color: #ffffff\">\u00a0a<\/span><\/td>\n<td style=\"border-collapse: collapse;border: 1px solid black\"><span style=\"color: #ffffff\">\u00a0a<\/span><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<p>Then, translate common L1 utterances.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<div>\n<table>\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"border-collapse: collapse;border: 1px solid black\">\n<div class=\"ace-line gutter-author-d-4z65zz66zl57z75zyiz66zfr2fz87zwz89znujeko9kwz70zvtkiz65zlkz68zez70zz90zz75z68hn11z71zvxr ace-ltr\" dir=\"auto\"><span class=\"ace-all-bold-hthree\"><span class=\" author-d-4z65zz66zl57z75zyiz66zfr2fz87zwz89znujeko9kwz70zvtkiz65zlkz68zez70zz90zz75z68hn11z71zvxr\"><b>\u00a0Japanese<\/b><\/span><\/span><\/div>\n<\/td>\n<td style=\"border-collapse: collapse;border: 1px solid black\">\n<div class=\"ace-line gutter-author-d-4z65zz66zl57z75zyiz66zfr2fz87zwz89znujeko9kwz70zvtkiz65zlkz68zez70zz90zz75z68hn11z71zvxr ace-ltr\" dir=\"auto\"><span class=\"ace-all-bold-hthree\"><span class=\" author-d-4z65zz66zl57z75zyiz66zfr2fz87zwz89znujeko9kwz70zvtkiz65zlkz68zez70zz90zz75z68hn11z71zvxr\"><b>\u00a0English<\/b><\/span><\/span><\/div>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"border-collapse: collapse;border: 1px solid black\">\n<div class=\"ace-line gutter-author-d-4z65zz66zl57z75zyiz66zfr2fz87zwz89znujeko9kwz70zvtkiz65zlkz68zez70zz90zz75z68hn11z71zvxr ace-ltr\" dir=\"auto\"><span class=\" author-d-4z65zz66zl57z75zyiz66zfr2fz87zwz89znujeko9kwz70zvtkiz65zlkz68zez70zz90zz75z68hn11z71zvxr\"><i>\u00a0\u3069\u3046\u3057\u3088\u3046\u304b\u306a\uff5e<\/i><\/span><\/div>\n<\/td>\n<td style=\"border-collapse: collapse;border: 1px solid black\">\n<div class=\"ace-line gutter-author-d-4z65zz66zl57z75zyiz66zfr2fz87zwz89znujeko9kwz70zvtkiz65zlkz68zez70zz90zz75z68hn11z71zvxr ace-ltr\" dir=\"auto\"><span class=\" author-d-4z65zz66zl57z75zyiz66zfr2fz87zwz89znujeko9kwz70zvtkiz65zlkz68zez70zz90zz75z68hn11z71zvxr\"><i>\u00a0What shall I do?<\/i><\/span><\/div>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"border-collapse: collapse;border: 1px solid black\">\u00a0<span style=\"color: #ffffff\">a<\/span><\/td>\n<td style=\"border-collapse: collapse;border: 1px solid black\"><span style=\"color: #ffffff\">\u00a0a<\/span><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"border-collapse: collapse;border: 1px solid black\"><span style=\"color: #ffffff\">\u00a0a<\/span><\/td>\n<td style=\"border-collapse: collapse;border: 1px solid black\"><span style=\"color: #ffffff\">\u00a0a<\/span><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<p>And finally, they make some sentences based on the work they did in the grammar book. These sentences should use the grammar point and represent what they will say in the next play session:<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<div>\n<table>\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"border-collapse: collapse;border: 1px solid black\">\n<div class=\"ace-line gutter-author-d-4z65zz66zl57z75zyiz66zfr2fz87zwz89znujeko9kwz70zvtkiz65zlkz68zez70zz90zz75z68hn11z71zvxr ace-ltr\" dir=\"auto\"><span class=\"ace-all-bold-hthree\"><span class=\" author-d-4z65zz66zl57z75zyiz66zfr2fz87zwz89znujeko9kwz70zvtkiz65zlkz68zez70zz90zz75z68hn11z71zvxr\"><b>\u00a0English<\/b><\/span><\/span><\/div>\n<\/td>\n<td style=\"border-collapse: collapse;border: 1px solid black\">\n<div class=\"ace-line gutter-author-d-4z65zz66zl57z75zyiz66zfr2fz87zwz89znujeko9kwz70zvtkiz65zlkz68zez70zz90zz75z68hn11z71zvxr ace-ltr\" dir=\"auto\"><span class=\"ace-all-bold-hthree\"><span class=\" author-d-4z65zz66zl57z75zyiz66zfr2fz87zwz89znujeko9kwz70zvtkiz65zlkz68zez70zz90zz75z68hn11z71zvxr\"><b>\u00a0Japanese<\/b><\/span><\/span><\/div>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"border-collapse: collapse;border: 1px solid black\">\u00a0<span style=\"color: #ffffff\">a\u00a0<\/span><\/td>\n<td style=\"border-collapse: collapse;border: 1px solid black\"><span style=\"color: #ffffff\">\u00a0a<\/span><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"border-collapse: collapse;border: 1px solid black\"><span style=\"color: #ffffff\">\u00a0a<\/span><\/td>\n<td style=\"border-collapse: collapse;border: 1px solid black\"><span style=\"color: #ffffff\">\u00a0a<\/span><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<p>The worksheet is kept and can be referenced during the second play session.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<div>\n<h1><span class=\" author-d-4z65zz66zl57z75zyiz66zfr2fz87zwz89znujeko9kwz70zvtkiz65zlkz68zez70zz90zz75z68hn11z71zvxr\">Part 4: Replay the game<\/span><\/h1>\n<p>This stage is very similar to the first play session, but now we are in a position to expect more L2 use, so, let\u2019s up the ante. <span class=\" author-d-4z65zz66zl57z75zyiz66zfr2fz87zwz89znujeko9kwz70zvtkiz65zlkz68zez70zz90zz75z68hn11z71zvxr\"><img decoding=\"async\" title=\"money bag\" src=\"https:\/\/d1fldwwydewvss.cloudfront.net\/static\/img\/ace\/emoji\/1f4b0.png\" alt=\"money bag\" height=\"22\" \/><\/span><span class=\" author-d-4z65zz66zl57z75zyiz66zfr2fz87zwz89znujeko9kwz70zvtkiz65zlkz68zez70zz90zz75z68hn11z71zvxr\">\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n<p>After 15 minutes (or one full round, or whatever other marker students decide is appropriate) they have to make a new rule. They have an option to make two rules actually, which are:<\/p>\n<p style=\"padding-left: 30px\"><em>If I speak Japanese then \u2026.<\/em><\/p>\n<p style=\"padding-left: 30px\"><em>If we all only speak English then \u2026.<\/em><\/p>\n<p><span class=\" author-d-4z65zz66zl57z75zyiz66zfr2fz87zwz89znujeko9kwz70zvtkiz65zlkz68zez70zz90zz75z68hn11z71zvxr\">I wrote extensively about this in a previous <\/span><span class=\"attrlink url author-d-4z65zz66zl57z75zyiz66zfr2fz87zwz89znujeko9kwz70zvtkiz65zlkz68zez70zz90zz75z68hn11z71zvxr\"><a class=\"attrlink\" href=\"http:\/\/blog.kotobaminers.org\/post\/135378687241\/reflection-part-3-the-classroom-experience-as\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer nofollow noopener\">blog post<\/a><\/span><span class=\" author-d-4z65zz66zl57z75zyiz66zfr2fz87zwz89znujeko9kwz70zvtkiz65zlkz68zez70zz90zz75z68hn11z71zvxr\"> for those interested. The first rule is obviously a penalty for L1 use, and surprisingly the idea of adding this rule came from the students themselves after I conducted a survey of how to improve the framework last year (York &amp; deHaan, under review). The second is a reward that applies to ALL players, and is seen as the carrot to promote them to cooperate and speak more English. Of course, it is hard to make interesting, and fair rules for all games (\u201cIf I speak Japanese I have to reveal my card\u201d in games like <em>One Night Ultimate Werewolf<\/em> is clearly not going to do the werewolves any favours\u2026.) but for the most part this step of the framework has been accepted positively by the students.<\/span><\/p>\n<p>Homework for this session is to transcribe their audio once more.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<div>\n<h1><span class=\" author-d-4z65zz66zl57z75zyiz66zfr2fz87zwz89znujeko9kwz70zvtkiz65zlkz68zez70zz90zz75z68hn11z71zvxr\">Part 5: Transcription Analysis (2)<\/span><\/h1>\n<p>The second analysis session is very different to the first.<\/p>\n<p>Now they have transcriptions for two gameplay sessions, it\u2019s time to compare their performance. Did they speak more L2 during the second play through? Was the grammar that they thought would be useful actually used? These questions are answered in this session, and students are asked to make a tally count of how many times they used the grammar points that came up during the first transcription analysis, as well as the sentences that they translated:<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<div>\n<table>\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"border-collapse: collapse;border: 1px solid black\">\n<div class=\"ace-line gutter-author-d-4z65zz66zl57z75zyiz66zfr2fz87zwz89znujeko9kwz70zvtkiz65zlkz68zez70zz90zz75z68hn11z71zvxr ace-ltr\" dir=\"auto\"><span class=\"ace-all-bold-hthree\"><span class=\" author-d-4z65zz66zl57z75zyiz66zfr2fz87zwz89znujeko9kwz70zvtkiz65zlkz68zez70zz90zz75z68hn11z71zvxr\"><b>\u00a0Grammar point<\/b><\/span><\/span><\/div>\n<\/td>\n<td style=\"border-collapse: collapse;border: 1px solid black\">\n<div class=\"ace-line gutter-author-d-4z65zz66zl57z75zyiz66zfr2fz87zwz89znujeko9kwz70zvtkiz65zlkz68zez70zz90zz75z68hn11z71zvxr ace-ltr\" dir=\"auto\"><span class=\"ace-all-bold-hthree\"><span class=\" author-d-4z65zz66zl57z75zyiz66zfr2fz87zwz89znujeko9kwz70zvtkiz65zlkz68zez70zz90zz75z68hn11z71zvxr\"><b>\u00a0How many times did you use the form?<\/b><\/span><\/span><\/div>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"border-collapse: collapse;border: 1px solid black\">\n<div class=\"ace-line gutter-author-d-4z65zz66zl57z75zyiz66zfr2fz87zwz89znujeko9kwz70zvtkiz65zlkz68zez70zz90zz75z68hn11z71zvxr ace-ltr\" dir=\"auto\"><span class=\" author-d-4z65zz66zl57z75zyiz66zfr2fz87zwz89znujeko9kwz70zvtkiz65zlkz68zez70zz90zz75z68hn11z71zvxr\"><i>\u00a0&lt;person&gt; should &lt;verb&gt;<\/i><\/span><\/div>\n<\/td>\n<td style=\"border-collapse: collapse;border: 1px solid black\">\n<div class=\"ace-line gutter-author-d-4z65zz66zl57z75zyiz66zfr2fz87zwz89znujeko9kwz70zvtkiz65zlkz68zez70zz90zz75z68hn11z71zvxr ace-ltr\" dir=\"auto\"><span class=\" author-d-4z65zz66zl57z75zyiz66zfr2fz87zwz89znujeko9kwz70zvtkiz65zlkz68zez70zz90zz75z68hn11z71zvxr\">\u00a05<\/span><\/div>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"border-collapse: collapse;border: 1px solid black\">\u00a0<span style=\"color: #ffffff\">a<\/span><\/td>\n<td style=\"border-collapse: collapse;border: 1px solid black\"><span style=\"color: #ffffff\">\u00a0a<\/span><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"border-collapse: collapse;border: 1px solid black\"><span style=\"color: #ffffff\">\u00a0a<\/span><\/td>\n<td style=\"border-collapse: collapse;border: 1px solid black\"><span style=\"color: #ffffff\">\u00a0a<\/span><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<div>\n<table>\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"border-collapse: collapse;border: 1px solid black\">\n<div class=\"ace-line gutter-author-d-4z65zz66zl57z75zyiz66zfr2fz87zwz89znujeko9kwz70zvtkiz65zlkz68zez70zz90zz75z68hn11z71zvxr ace-ltr\" dir=\"auto\"><span class=\"ace-all-bold-hthree\"><span class=\" author-d-4z65zz66zl57z75zyiz66zfr2fz87zwz89znujeko9kwz70zvtkiz65zlkz68zez70zz90zz75z68hn11z71zvxr\"><b>\u00a0English expression translated from Japanese<\/b><\/span><\/span><\/div>\n<\/td>\n<td style=\"border-collapse: collapse;border: 1px solid black\">\n<div class=\"ace-line gutter-author-d-4z65zz66zl57z75zyiz66zfr2fz87zwz89znujeko9kwz70zvtkiz65zlkz68zez70zz90zz75z68hn11z71zvxr ace-ltr\" dir=\"auto\"><span class=\"ace-all-bold-hthree\"><span class=\" author-d-4z65zz66zl57z75zyiz66zfr2fz87zwz89znujeko9kwz70zvtkiz65zlkz68zez70zz90zz75z68hn11z71zvxr\"><b>\u00a0How many times did you use these expressions?<\/b><\/span><\/span><\/div>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"border-collapse: collapse;border: 1px solid black\">\n<div class=\"ace-line gutter-author-d-4z65zz66zl57z75zyiz66zfr2fz87zwz89znujeko9kwz70zvtkiz65zlkz68zez70zz90zz75z68hn11z71zvxr ace-ltr\" dir=\"auto\"><span class=\" author-d-4z65zz66zl57z75zyiz66zfr2fz87zwz89znujeko9kwz70zvtkiz65zlkz68zez70zz90zz75z68hn11z71zvxr\"><i>\u00a0What shall I do?<\/i><\/span><\/div>\n<\/td>\n<td style=\"border-collapse: collapse;border: 1px solid black\">\n<div class=\"ace-line gutter-author-d-4z65zz66zl57z75zyiz66zfr2fz87zwz89znujeko9kwz70zvtkiz65zlkz68zez70zz90zz75z68hn11z71zvxr ace-ltr\" dir=\"auto\"><span class=\" author-d-4z65zz66zl57z75zyiz66zfr2fz87zwz89znujeko9kwz70zvtkiz65zlkz68zez70zz90zz75z68hn11z71zvxr\">\u00a04<\/span><\/div>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"border-collapse: collapse;border: 1px solid black\"><span style=\"color: #ffffff\">\u00a0a<\/span><\/td>\n<td style=\"border-collapse: collapse;border: 1px solid black\"><span style=\"color: #ffffff\">\u00a0a<\/span><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<div><span class=\" author-d-4z65zz66zl57z75zyiz66zfr2fz87zwz89znujeko9kwz70zvtkiz65zlkz68zez70zz90zz75z68hn11z71zvxr\">And a final table to record phrases that they still said in the L1:<\/span><\/div>\n<div>\n<table>\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"border-collapse: collapse;border: 1px solid black\">\n<div class=\"ace-line gutter-author-d-4z65zz66zl57z75zyiz66zfr2fz87zwz89znujeko9kwz70zvtkiz65zlkz68zez70zz90zz75z68hn11z71zvxr ace-ltr\" dir=\"auto\"><span class=\" author-d-4z65zz66zl57z75zyiz66zfr2fz87zwz89znujeko9kwz70zvtkiz65zlkz68zez70zz90zz75z68hn11z71zvxr\"><i>\u3069\u3046\u3057\u3088\u3046\u304b\u306a<\/i><\/span><\/div>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"border-collapse: collapse;border: 1px solid black\">\u00a0<span style=\"color: #ffffff\">a<\/span><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"border-collapse: collapse;border: 1px solid black\"><span style=\"color: #ffffff\">\u00a0a<\/span><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<\/div>\n<div>\n<h1><span class=\" author-d-4z65zz66zl57z75zyiz66zfr2fz87zwz89znujeko9kwz70zvtkiz65zlkz68zez70zz90zz75z68hn11z71zvxr\">Part 6: Final report<\/span><\/h1>\n<p>In the final <span class=\" author-d-4z65zz66zl57z75zyiz66zfr2fz87zwz89znujeko9kwz70zvtkiz65zlkz68zez70zz90zz75z68hn11z71zvxr\"><i>two classes<\/i><\/span><span class=\" author-d-4z65zz66zl57z75zyiz66zfr2fz87zwz89znujeko9kwz70zvtkiz65zlkz68zez70zz90zz75z68hn11z71zvxr\"> students create something of value for future players of the game. I was inspired by the work of Squire (2011) who wrote about how students start out as learners, then become master, and finally creators of content. In a similar vein then, here students learn the game, master the game (and language (to a certain extent anyway)) and finally create something for future students to refer to. They choose from one of the following projects and complete them either as a group or individually:<\/span><\/p>\n<ol>\n<li>Make a gameplay video [Group]<\/li>\n<li><span class=\" author-d-4z65zz66zl57z75zyiz66zfr2fz87zwz89znujeko9kwz70zvtkiz65zlkz68zez70zz90zz75z68hn11z71zvxr\">Make a \u201cHow to play\u201d video [Group]<\/span><\/li>\n<li><span class=\" author-d-4z65zz66zl57z75zyiz66zfr2fz87zwz89znujeko9kwz70zvtkiz65zlkz68zez70zz90zz75z68hn11z71zvxr\">Write a game review [Individual]<\/span><\/li>\n<li><span class=\" author-d-4z65zz66zl57z75zyiz66zfr2fz87zwz89znujeko9kwz70zvtkiz65zlkz68zez70zz90zz75z68hn11z71zvxr\">Transcribe gameplay and provide a grammar explanation [Individual]<\/span><\/li>\n<li><span class=\" author-d-4z65zz66zl57z75zyiz66zfr2fz87zwz89znujeko9kwz70zvtkiz65zlkz68zez70zz90zz75z68hn11z71zvxr\">Teach other classmates how to play the game [Group \/ Individual]\u00a0<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<p>The popularity of the projects is in descending order. The fear of having to present something live to the rest of the class seems to push the \u201cteach\u201d project down to the bottom. These projects all have their own worksheets to guide students, and at the back is an evaluation sheet so that students know exactly how they will be graded.<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p>Here is an example from the \u201cHow to play\u201d video project:<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<div><\/div>\n<div><\/div>\n<div>\n<table>\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"border-collapse: collapse;border: 1px solid black\">\n<div class=\"ace-line gutter-author-d-4z65zz66zl57z75zyiz66zfr2fz87zwz89znujeko9kwz70zvtkiz65zlkz68zez70zz90zz75z68hn11z71zvxr ace-ltr\" dir=\"auto\"><span class=\"ace-all-bold-hthree\"><span class=\" author-d-4z65zz66zl57z75zyiz66zfr2fz87zwz89znujeko9kwz70zvtkiz65zlkz68zez70zz90zz75z68hn11z71zvxr\"><b>\u00a0This worksheet<\/b><\/span><\/span><\/div>\n<\/td>\n<td style=\"border-collapse: collapse;border: 1px solid black\">\n<div class=\"ace-line gutter-author-d-4z65zz66zl57z75zyiz66zfr2fz87zwz89znujeko9kwz70zvtkiz65zlkz68zez70zz90zz75z68hn11z71zvxr ace-ltr\" dir=\"auto\"><span class=\"ace-all-bold-hthree\"><span class=\" author-d-4z65zz66zl57z75zyiz66zfr2fz87zwz89znujeko9kwz70zvtkiz65zlkz68zez70zz90zz75z68hn11z71zvxr\"><b>\u00a010 points<\/b><\/span><\/span><\/div>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<p>\u2610 Did you complete all sections of this worksheet?<\/p>\n<p>\u2610 Did you hand this worksheet in?<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<div>\n<table>\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"border-collapse: collapse;border: 1px solid black\">\n<div class=\"ace-line gutter-author-d-4z65zz66zl57z75zyiz66zfr2fz87zwz89znujeko9kwz70zvtkiz65zlkz68zez70zz90zz75z68hn11z71zvxr ace-ltr\" dir=\"auto\"><span class=\"ace-all-bold-hthree\"><span class=\" author-d-4z65zz66zl57z75zyiz66zfr2fz87zwz89znujeko9kwz70zvtkiz65zlkz68zez70zz90zz75z68hn11z71zvxr\"><b>\u00a0Game Introduction<\/b><\/span><\/span><\/div>\n<\/td>\n<td style=\"border-collapse: collapse;border: 1px solid black\">\n<div class=\"ace-line gutter-author-d-4z65zz66zl57z75zyiz66zfr2fz87zwz89znujeko9kwz70zvtkiz65zlkz68zez70zz90zz75z68hn11z71zvxr ace-ltr\" dir=\"auto\"><span class=\"ace-all-bold-hthree\"><span class=\" author-d-4z65zz66zl57z75zyiz66zfr2fz87zwz89znujeko9kwz70zvtkiz65zlkz68zez70zz90zz75z68hn11z71zvxr\"><b>\u00a05 points<\/b><\/span><\/span><\/div>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<p>\u2610 Was the game introduced?<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<div>\n<table>\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"border-collapse: collapse;border: 1px solid black\">\n<div class=\"ace-line gutter-author-d-4z65zz66zl57z75zyiz66zfr2fz87zwz89znujeko9kwz70zvtkiz65zlkz68zez70zz90zz75z68hn11z71zvxr ace-ltr\" dir=\"auto\"><span class=\"ace-all-bold-hthree\"><span class=\" author-d-4z65zz66zl57z75zyiz66zfr2fz87zwz89znujeko9kwz70zvtkiz65zlkz68zez70zz90zz75z68hn11z71zvxr\"><b>\u00a0Player introductions<\/b><\/span><\/span><\/div>\n<\/td>\n<td style=\"border-collapse: collapse;border: 1px solid black\">\n<div class=\"ace-line gutter-author-d-4z65zz66zl57z75zyiz66zfr2fz87zwz89znujeko9kwz70zvtkiz65zlkz68zez70zz90zz75z68hn11z71zvxr ace-ltr\" dir=\"auto\"><span class=\"ace-all-bold-hthree\"><span class=\" author-d-4z65zz66zl57z75zyiz66zfr2fz87zwz89znujeko9kwz70zvtkiz65zlkz68zez70zz90zz75z68hn11z71zvxr\"><b>\u00a010 points<\/b><\/span><\/span><\/div>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<p>\u2610 Did all players introduce themselves?<\/p>\n<p>\u2610 Did all players speak clearly?<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<div>\n<table>\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"border-collapse: collapse;border: 1px solid black\">\n<div class=\"ace-line gutter-author-d-4z65zz66zl57z75zyiz66zfr2fz87zwz89znujeko9kwz70zvtkiz65zlkz68zez70zz90zz75z68hn11z71zvxr ace-ltr\" dir=\"auto\"><span class=\"ace-all-bold-hthree\"><span class=\" author-d-4z65zz66zl57z75zyiz66zfr2fz87zwz89znujeko9kwz70zvtkiz65zlkz68zez70zz90zz75z68hn11z71zvxr\"><b>\u00a0Rules introduction<\/b><\/span><\/span><\/div>\n<\/td>\n<td style=\"border-collapse: collapse;border: 1px solid black\">\n<div class=\"ace-line gutter-author-d-4z65zz66zl57z75zyiz66zfr2fz87zwz89znujeko9kwz70zvtkiz65zlkz68zez70zz90zz75z68hn11z71zvxr ace-ltr\" dir=\"auto\"><span class=\"ace-all-bold-hthree\"><span class=\" author-d-4z65zz66zl57z75zyiz66zfr2fz87zwz89znujeko9kwz70zvtkiz65zlkz68zez70zz90zz75z68hn11z71zvxr\"><b>\u00a050 points<\/b><\/span><\/span><\/div>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<\/div>\n<div>\n<p>\u2610 Were game-specific words explained clearly?<\/p>\n<p>\u2610 Did players speak only English during the explanation?<\/p>\n<p>\u2610 Did the players use the board to explain rules?<\/p>\n<p>\u2610 Did players say what they were doing? (i.e. did they speak when they \u00a0moved pieces?)<\/p>\n<p>\u2610 Did all players speak clearly? (Pronunciation)<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<div>\n<table>\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"border-collapse: collapse;border: 1px solid black\">\n<div class=\"ace-line gutter-author-d-4z65zz66zl57z75zyiz66zfr2fz87zwz89znujeko9kwz70zvtkiz65zlkz68zez70zz90zz75z68hn11z71zvxr ace-ltr\" dir=\"auto\"><span class=\"ace-all-bold-hthree\"><span class=\" author-d-4z65zz66zl57z75zyiz66zfr2fz87zwz89znujeko9kwz70zvtkiz65zlkz68zez70zz90zz75z68hn11z71zvxr\"><b>\u00a0Filming and editing<\/b><\/span><\/span><\/div>\n<\/td>\n<td style=\"border-collapse: collapse;border: 1px solid black\">\n<div class=\"ace-line gutter-author-d-4z65zz66zl57z75zyiz66zfr2fz87zwz89znujeko9kwz70zvtkiz65zlkz68zez70zz90zz75z68hn11z71zvxr ace-ltr\" dir=\"auto\"><span class=\"ace-all-bold-hthree\"><span class=\" author-d-4z65zz66zl57z75zyiz66zfr2fz87zwz89znujeko9kwz70zvtkiz65zlkz68zez70zz90zz75z68hn11z71zvxr\"><b>\u00a025 points<\/b><\/span><\/span><\/div>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<\/div>\n<div>\n<p>\u2610 Was the game filmed clearly? (could we see what players were doing?)<\/p>\n<p>\u2610 Was there a lot of silence? (i.e. were silent episodes cut out?)<\/p>\n<p>\u2610 Was the camera stable?<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<div>\n<hr \/>\n<\/div>\n<div>\n<p><span class=\" author-d-4z65zz66zl57z75zyiz66zfr2fz87zwz89znujeko9kwz70zvtkiz65zlkz68zez70zz90zz75z68hn11z71zvxr\">Once a group has completed their project, they are instructed to hand it in <\/span><span class=\"attrlink url author-d-4z65zz66zl57z75zyiz66zfr2fz87zwz89znujeko9kwz70zvtkiz65zlkz68zez70zz90zz75z68hn11z71zvxr\"><a class=\"attrlink\" href=\"http:\/\/blog.kotobaminers.org\/students\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer nofollow noopener\">over on my blog<\/a><\/span><span class=\" author-d-4z65zz66zl57z75zyiz66zfr2fz87zwz89znujeko9kwz70zvtkiz65zlkz68zez70zz90zz75z68hn11z71zvxr\"> (which basically links to a Dropbox file request folder). I\u2019d love to show some of their work, but unfortunately I did not ask for permission to publicly reveal what they have made (I only asked that their work be made available to other students within the university).\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n<\/div>\n<div>\n<h2><span class=\" author-d-4z65zz66zl57z75zyiz66zfr2fz87zwz89znujeko9kwz70zvtkiz65zlkz68zez70zz90zz75z68hn11z71zvxr\">Conclusion<\/span><\/h2>\n<p>The framework introduced here is designed to put students in charge of their own learning. Learning that is enjoyable. Agency is promoted as they are in control of their learning at the macro (choosing a game to play, making groups) and micro (learning rules, creating transcriptions, progressing gameplay turn by turn) level.<\/p>\n<p>So what do I do in class? My role is to provide rule explanations when things are not clear, strategies for games in play, target language examples, and generally facilitate their play sessions as best I can. Due to the nature of the final projects being different for all groups, I have a very passive role. Groups often go to different rooms of the university so that they can record their sessions in a quiet environment, so at this stage I go around all the rooms and make sure everything is proceeding smoothly.<\/p>\n<p>I have collected data regarding students perceptions of this framework and am continuously improving it for future implementations. The next step is to collect data regarding their transcriptions to see if there are any improvements in their oral performance between the two play sessions.<\/p>\n<p>I\u2019d like to thank Ben Pearson for inviting me to write this post, and hope readers find it useful for their own teaching context. If you have any further questions or would like to get involved with the Japan Game Lab research team, you can contact me at yorksensei @ gmail . com.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<div>\n<h2><span class=\" author-d-4z65zz66zl57z75zyiz66zfr2fz87zwz89znujeko9kwz70zvtkiz65zlkz68zez70zz90zz75z68hn11z71zvxr\">References<\/span><\/h2>\n<\/div>\n<ul class=\"listtype-bullet listindent1 list-bullet1\">\n<li><span class=\" author-d-4z65zz66zl57z75zyiz66zfr2fz87zwz89znujeko9kwz70zvtkiz65zlkz68zez70zz90zz75z68hn11z71zvxr\">Masuda, R., &amp; DeHaan, J. W. (2015). Language in Game Rules and Game Play\u202f: A Study of Emergence in Pandemic <\/span><span class=\" author-d-4z65zz66zl57z75zyiz66zfr2fz87zwz89znujeko9kwz70zvtkiz65zlkz68zez70zz90zz75z68hn11z71zvxr\"><i>International Journal of English Linguistics<\/i><\/span><span class=\" author-d-4z65zz66zl57z75zyiz66zfr2fz87zwz89znujeko9kwz70zvtkiz65zlkz68zez70zz90zz75z68hn11z71zvxr\">, <\/span><span class=\" author-d-4z65zz66zl57z75zyiz66zfr2fz87zwz89znujeko9kwz70zvtkiz65zlkz68zez70zz90zz75z68hn11z71zvxr\"><i>5<\/i><\/span><span class=\" author-d-4z65zz66zl57z75zyiz66zfr2fz87zwz89znujeko9kwz70zvtkiz65zlkz68zez70zz90zz75z68hn11z71zvxr\">(6), 1.\u00a0<\/span><\/li>\n<li><span class=\" author-d-4z65zz66zl57z75zyiz66zfr2fz87zwz89znujeko9kwz70zvtkiz65zlkz68zez70zz90zz75z68hn11z71zvxr\">Mennim, P. (2012). Learner negotiation of L2 form in transcription exercises. <\/span><span class=\" author-d-4z65zz66zl57z75zyiz66zfr2fz87zwz89znujeko9kwz70zvtkiz65zlkz68zez70zz90zz75z68hn11z71zvxr\"><i>ELT Journal<\/i><\/span><span class=\" author-d-4z65zz66zl57z75zyiz66zfr2fz87zwz89znujeko9kwz70zvtkiz65zlkz68zez70zz90zz75z68hn11z71zvxr\">, <\/span><span class=\" author-d-4z65zz66zl57z75zyiz66zfr2fz87zwz89znujeko9kwz70zvtkiz65zlkz68zez70zz90zz75z68hn11z71zvxr\"><i>66<\/i><\/span><span class=\" author-d-4z65zz66zl57z75zyiz66zfr2fz87zwz89znujeko9kwz70zvtkiz65zlkz68zez70zz90zz75z68hn11z71zvxr\">(1), 52\u201361. <\/span><span class=\" author-d-4z65zz66zl57z75zyiz66zfr2fz87zwz89znujeko9kwz70zvtkiz65zlkz68zez70zz90zz75z68hn11z71zvxr url\"><a class=\"dynamiclink\" href=\"http:\/\/doi.org\/10.1093\/elt\/ccr018\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer nofollow noopener\">http:\/\/doi.org\/10.1093\/elt\/ccr018<\/a><\/span><\/li>\n<li><span class=\" author-d-4z65zz66zl57z75zyiz66zfr2fz87zwz89znujeko9kwz70zvtkiz65zlkz68zez70zz90zz75z68hn11z71zvxr\">Squire, K. (2011). <\/span><span class=\" author-d-4z65zz66zl57z75zyiz66zfr2fz87zwz89znujeko9kwz70zvtkiz65zlkz68zez70zz90zz75z68hn11z71zvxr\"><i>Video Games and Learning: Teaching and Participatory Culture in the Digital Age. Technology, Education&#8211;Connections (the TEC Series)<\/i><\/span><span class=\" author-d-4z65zz66zl57z75zyiz66zfr2fz87zwz89znujeko9kwz70zvtkiz65zlkz68zez70zz90zz75z68hn11z71zvxr\">. Teachers College Press. 1234 Amsterdam Avenue, New York, NY 10027.<\/span><\/li>\n<li><span class=\" author-d-4z65zz66zl57z75zyiz66zfr2fz87zwz89znujeko9kwz70zvtkiz65zlkz68zez70zz90zz75z68hn11z71zvxr\">Sykes, J. (2014) TBLT and synthetic immersive environments: What can in-game task restarts tell us about design and implementation? in Gonz\u00e1lez-Lloret, M., &amp; Ortega, L. (Eds.). (2014). <\/span><span class=\" author-d-4z65zz66zl57z75zyiz66zfr2fz87zwz89znujeko9kwz70zvtkiz65zlkz68zez70zz90zz75z68hn11z71zvxr\"><i>Technology-mediated TBLT: Researching technology and tasks<\/i><\/span><span class=\" author-d-4z65zz66zl57z75zyiz66zfr2fz87zwz89znujeko9kwz70zvtkiz65zlkz68zez70zz90zz75z68hn11z71zvxr\"> (Vol. 6). John Benjamins Publishing Company.<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>By James York, assistant professor at Tokyo Denki University In this post, I will be unrolling (pun intended) a framework that I have been working on for the past year. The framework took many twists and turns, which can be read about further on my own blog here, but this post is a description of [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":11,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[3,4],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-889","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-links","category-publications"],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO plugin v19.13 - https:\/\/yoast.com\/wordpress\/plugins\/seo\/ -->\n<title>Board games at the core of a game-based language learning methodology: Kotoba Rollers - Games2Teach<\/title>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/games2teach.uoregon.edu\/2017\/02\/07\/board-games-core-game-based-language-learning-methodology-kotoba-rollers\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"en_US\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"Board games at the core of a game-based language learning methodology: Kotoba Rollers - Games2Teach\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:description\" content=\"By James York, assistant professor at Tokyo Denki University In this post, I will be unrolling (pun intended) a framework that I have been working on for the past year. 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